Home-Based Testing as an Approach to Estimate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in South Africa, 2021–2022—A Pilot Study

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI:10.1111/irv.70034

Jocelyn Moyes, Mvuyo Makhazi, Sibongile Walaza, Phiwokuhle Ntombela, Fahima Moosa, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Mignon du Plessis, Gillian Hunt, Cherie Cawood, Erica Dueger, Cheryl Cohen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Surveillance programmes for influenza and other respiratory pathogens are important to generate vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates and to inform vaccine composition. We aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of home-based testing.

Methods

In three out of nine provinces in South Africa, we established a self-referral system for individuals aged ≥ 18 years with respiratory symptoms of ≤ 10 days duration. Following consent, swab collection material was delivered to participants who also completed a questionnaire including self-reported vaccination status. Swabs were tested by PCR for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS-CoV-2. A test-negative methodology was used to estimate influenza VE.

Results

Of 1456 samples collected between 19 November 2021 and 3 September 2022, 73 (5%) tested positive for influenza, 38 (3%) tested positive for RSV and 394 (27%) for SARS-CoV-2. We subtyped 55% (40/73) of the influenza positive specimens; 16/40 (40%) were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09; 10/40 (25%)A(H3N2)) and all 14/40(35%) influenza B were B/Victoria. Only 20% (279/1451) of participants reported influenza-like illness case definition symptoms of fever and cough. Influenza vaccine coverage was 11% (157/1454). The overall influenza VE was 26% (95% confidence interval: −73%, 69%). Of the completed acceptability questionnaires, 123/127 (97%) participants would make use of the service again; 90% (1306) were recruited via the COVID-19 testing centre (call in, social media, webpage), and 7% (99/1306) through CoughWatchSA.

Conclusions

Home-based swabbing was feasible and acceptable. We were able to calculate an influenza VE, although a larger sample size and verification of vaccine status may improve the VE estimates in the future.

Abstract Image

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背景：流感和其他呼吸道病原体的监测计划对于估算疫苗有效性（VE）和确定疫苗组成非常重要。我们的目的是探索家庭检测的可行性和可接受性：在南非九个省中的三个省，我们为年龄≥18 岁、呼吸道症状持续时间≤10 天的人建立了自我转诊系统。在征得同意后，我们将拭子采集材料送到参与者手中，参与者还需填写一份问卷，其中包括自我报告的疫苗接种情况。拭子通过 PCR 对流感、呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV) 和 SARS-CoV-2 进行检测。采用检测阴性的方法来估计流感 VE：在 2021 年 11 月 19 日至 2022 年 9 月 3 日期间采集的 1456 份样本中，73 份（5%）流感检测呈阳性，38 份（3%）RSV 检测呈阳性，394 份（27%）SARS-CoV-2 检测呈阳性。我们对 55%(40/73) 呈阳性的流感样本进行了分型，其中 16/40(40%) 为甲型 H1N1 pdm09 流感，10/40(25%)为甲型 H3N2 流感，14/40(35%)为乙型/维多利亚乙型流感。只有 20% 的参与者（279/1451）报告了流感样病例定义的发烧和咳嗽症状。流感疫苗接种率为 11%（157/1454）。总体流感病毒携带率为 26%（95% 置信区间：-73%，69%）。在完成的接受度调查问卷中，123/127（97%）的参与者表示会再次使用该服务；90%（1306）的参与者是通过 COVID-19 检测中心（电话、社交媒体、网页）招募的，7%（99/1306）的参与者是通过 CoughWatchSA 招募的：结论：在家中进行拭子测试是可行的，也是可以接受的。我们能够计算出流感VE，尽管更大的样本量和对疫苗接种情况的核实可能会提高未来的VE估计值。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.