Establishing electro-functionalized gravity-driven ceramic membrane filtration (EGDCM) for decentralized treatment of algae-laden brackish water: Comparison of in-situ electro-oxidation and ex-situ electro-coagulation

IF 11.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2024.122940

Dachao Lin , Xinxu Shen , Caiwei Tan , Han Zhang , Rui Chen , Xing Du , Heng Liang

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Abstract

Algae-laden brackish water (ABW) has remarkably threatened drinking water safety in warm coastal areas. Although gravity-driven ceramic membrane filtration (GDCM) exhibits high potential in ABW treatment during decentralized water supply, membrane fouling is still a critical problem. Herein, GDCM was skillfully electro-functionalized (EGDCM) by in-situ electro-oxidation (ISEO) based on self-fabricated Ti/SnO₂-Sb dimensionally stable anode (DSA) (EO-EGDCM) and ex-situ electro-coagulation (ESEC) based on iron anode (EC-EGDCM) in this study. EO-EGDCM with KMnO₄ augment (MnEO-EGDCM) was also established for comparison. Results show that ISEO increased GDCM membrane permeability by 22 %, while EC-EGDCM membrane flux was nearly 4.8 times that of GDCM. ISEO enhanced the early removal of organic pollution, and KMnO₄ facilitated the active chlorine oxidization of ammonia and algal toxins on electrified Ti/SnO2-Sb DSA by suppressing the transformation of free chlorine to less reactive chloramines. Both algae cell permeabilization and intracellular organic matter release were enhanced by ISEO. But SEM-EDS, CLSM and biomass analysis evidenced that membrane biological process, which was improved by 32 %∼323 % by electrical stimulation, developed porous structures in the fouling layer in EO-EGDCM/MnEO-EGDCM. According to energy consumption and carbon emissions evaluation, GDCM was confirmed as an energy-saving system for treating ABW with the consumption of only 3.47 × 10⁻³ kWh/m³. Electricity demand was increased for EGDCM but still considerably lower than that for other algae-laden water treatment processes. EC-EGDCM reduced energy consumption and carbon emission by around 80 % compared to EC-EGDCM/MnEO-EGDCM. Electro-functionalization was a promising option to improve GDCM treatment of ABW via multiple mechanisms but further optimization was still required.

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建立电功能化重力驱动陶瓷膜过滤（EGDCM）分散处理含藻咸淡水：原位电氧化与非原位电混凝的比较

含藻咸淡水（ABW）严重威胁着温暖沿海地区的饮用水安全。尽管重力驱动陶瓷膜过滤（GDCM）在分散供水过程中表现出很大的潜力，但膜污染仍然是一个关键问题。本文采用原位电氧化法（ISEO）和原位电凝法（ESEC）分别制备了Ti/SnO2-Sb尺寸稳定阳极（DSA）（EO-EGDCM）和铁阳极（EC-EGDCM），实现了GDCM的电功能化（EGDCM）。还建立了带有KMnO4增强的EO-EGDCM （MnEO-EGDCM）进行比较。结果表明，ISEO使GDCM膜通透性提高22%，EC-EGDCM膜通量是GDCM的近4.8倍。ISEO增强了有机污染的早期去除，KMnO4通过抑制游离氯向活性较低的氯胺的转化，促进了氨和藻类毒素在通电Ti/SnO2-Sb DSA上的活性氯氧化。ISEO对藻类细胞的通透性和胞内有机物释放均有促进作用。但SEM-EDS、CLSM和生物量分析表明，电刺激提高了32% ~ 323%的膜生物过程，在EO-EGDCM/MnEO-EGDCM的污染层中形成了多孔结构。根据能耗和碳排放评价，确定GDCM为处理ABW的节能系统，能耗仅为3.47×10−3 kWh/m3。EGDCM的电力需求有所增加，但仍远低于其他藻类水处理工艺。与EC-EGDCM/MnEO-EGDCM相比，EC-EGDCM减少了约80%的能耗和碳排放。电功能化是一种很有前途的选择，可以通过多种机制改善GDCM对ABW的处理，但仍需进一步优化。

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来源期刊

Water Research 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

20.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1307

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Water Research, along with its open access companion journal Water Research X, serves as a platform for publishing original research papers covering various aspects of the science and technology related to the anthropogenic water cycle, water quality, and its management worldwide. The audience targeted by the journal comprises biologists, chemical engineers, chemists, civil engineers, environmental engineers, limnologists, and microbiologists. The scope of the journal include: •Treatment processes for water and wastewaters (municipal, agricultural, industrial, and on-site treatment), including resource recovery and residuals management; •Urban hydrology including sewer systems, stormwater management, and green infrastructure; •Drinking water treatment and distribution; •Potable and non-potable water reuse; •Sanitation, public health, and risk assessment; •Anaerobic digestion, solid and hazardous waste management, including source characterization and the effects and control of leachates and gaseous emissions; •Contaminants (chemical, microbial, anthropogenic particles such as nanoparticles or microplastics) and related water quality sensing, monitoring, fate, and assessment; •Anthropogenic impacts on inland, tidal, coastal and urban waters, focusing on surface and ground waters, and point and non-point sources of pollution; •Environmental restoration, linked to surface water, groundwater and groundwater remediation; •Analysis of the interfaces between sediments and water, and between water and atmosphere, focusing specifically on anthropogenic impacts; •Mathematical modelling, systems analysis, machine learning, and beneficial use of big data related to the anthropogenic water cycle; •Socio-economic, policy, and regulations studies.