The role of allergen-specific regulatory T cells in the control of allergic disease

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Current Opinion in Immunology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2024.102509

Athanasios Stoumpos , Guido Heine , Carina Saggau , Alexander Scheffold

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Abstract

Allergies result from an antigen-specific loss of tolerance against innocuous foreign substances. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) aims to reverse the pathogenic response and to re-establish physiological tolerance. However, the tolerogenic mechanisms that prevent allergy in healthy and act during AIT are still obscure. Foxp3 expressing ‘regulatory’ CD4 T cells (Tregs) are essential mediators of tolerance against allergens. It remains controversial which antigen specificity of Tregs is required to prevent allergy and the role of allergen-specific Tregs during AIT. Recent work provided precise insight into physiological T cell responses against environmental and food compounds. This identified Treg responses mainly against peptides and proteins not involved in immune pathology, revealing an unexpected role of Treg antigen specificity for tolerance. This review will focus on antigen-specific Treg responses against food and airborne allergens, and the impact of the technological approach utilized for antigen-specific Treg characterization is discussed, with critical points to be addressed in future research.

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过敏原特异性调节性T细胞在过敏性疾病控制中的作用。

过敏是由抗原特异性丧失对无害外来物质的耐受性引起的。过敏原免疫治疗（AIT）的目的是逆转病原反应，重新建立生理耐受。然而，在健康人群中预防过敏和在AIT期间起作用的耐受性机制仍不清楚。表达“调节性”CD4 T细胞（Tregs）的Foxp3是对过敏原耐受的重要介质。在AIT中，预防过敏需要Tregs的哪种抗原特异性以及过敏原特异性Tregs的作用仍然存在争议。最近的工作为T细胞对环境和食物化合物的生理反应提供了精确的见解。该研究发现Treg反应主要针对不参与免疫病理的肽和蛋白，揭示了Treg抗原特异性对耐受性的意想不到的作用。本文将重点介绍抗原特异性Treg对食物和空气中过敏原的反应，并讨论用于抗原特异性Treg表征的技术方法的影响，以及未来研究中需要解决的关键点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Opinion in Immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

13.30

自引率

1.40%

发文量

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Current Opinion in Immunology aims to stimulate scientifically grounded, interdisciplinary, multi-scale debate and exchange of ideas. It contains polished, concise and timely reviews and opinions, with particular emphasis on those articles published in the past two years. In addition to describing recent trends, the authors are encouraged to give their subjective opinion of the topics discussed. In Current Opinion in Immunology we help the reader by providing in a systematic manner: 1. The views of experts on current advances in their field in a clear and readable form. 2. Evaluations of the most interesting papers, annotated by experts, from the great wealth of original publications. Current Opinion in Immunology will serve as an invaluable source of information for researchers, lecturers, teachers, professionals, policy makers and students. Current Opinion in Immunology builds on Elsevier''s reputation for excellence in scientific publishing and long-standing commitment to communicating reproducible biomedical research targeted at improving human health. It is a companion to the new Gold Open Access journal Current Research in Immunology and is part of the Current Opinion and Research(CO+RE) suite of journals. All CO+RE journals leverage the Current Opinion legacy-of editorial excellence, high-impact, and global reach-to ensure they are a widely read resource that is integral to scientists'' workflow.