Anatomical and histological analyses of ankle plantar flexors: insights into connective tissue composition and muscle architecture.

IF 1.4 4区医学 Q2 Medicine

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI:10.1007/s00276-024-03523-6

In-Seung Yeo, Miri Kim, Hyung-Jin Lee

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: The tibialis posterior (TP), flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) are muscles that contribute to the stability of foot and ankle movements, playing a crucial role in achieving optimal gait. However, a comprehensive examination of the anatomical characteristics and histological variances of each muscle has not been conclusively established.

Methods: A total of 10 un-embalmed cadavers were dissected, and muscles from each cadaver were consistently harvested from the musculotendon junction. The ratio of collagen and elastic fibers was assessed through three immunohistological analyses, focusing on distinct histological characteristics in type I (slow twitch) and type II (fast twitch) fibers. Additionally, Ultrasonography was utilized to compare and analyze the thickness, fascicle angle, and muscle fiber length of each muscle.

Results: Concerning the relative proportion of elastic fibers to collagen, the TP exhibited the highest collagen content (21.9 ± 0.30%, mean ± standard deviation), while the FHL had the highest elastic fiber proportion (48.4 ± 0.44%). The TP predominantly comprised slow type muscle fibers (36.88 ± 0.83%), whereas the FHL contained a higher density of fast type muscle fibers (32.46 ± 4.02%). US analysis indicated that the thickness of the TP was relatively greater (2.0 ± 0.2 mm) compared to the FDL (1.2 ± 0.1 mm) and FHL (1.1 ± 0.1 mm). Additionally, the fascicle length was notably longer in the TP (25.6 ± 4.1 mm).

Conclusion: Our anatomical and histological findings indicate that the tibialis posterior (TP) is the thickest with a significant physiological angle and a high collagen content. This characteristic enables the TP to provide stability by transmitting a constant force to the calf. On the other hand, the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) exhibits the highest elastic fiber content, confirming its ability to exert instantaneous, swift, and powerful force.

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踝关节足底屈肌的解剖和组织学分析：结缔组织组成和肌肉结构的见解。

目的：胫骨后肌（TP）、趾长屈肌（FDL）和幻觉长屈肌（FHL）是有助于足部和踝关节运动稳定性的肌肉，在实现最佳步态中起着至关重要的作用。然而，对每个肌肉的解剖特征和组织学差异的全面检查尚未最终确定。方法：解剖10具非防腐尸体，从每具尸体的肌腱连接处连续收获肌肉。通过三种免疫组织学分析评估胶原和弹性纤维的比例，重点关注I型（慢抽搐）和II型（快抽搐）纤维的不同组织学特征。超声对各肌肉的厚度、肌束角度、肌纤维长度进行比较分析。结果：弹性纤维与胶原的相对比例中，TP的胶原含量最高（21.9±0.30%，平均值±标准差），FHL的弹性纤维含量最高（48.4±0.44%）。TP以慢型肌纤维为主（36.88±0.83%），FHL以快型肌纤维为主（32.46±4.02%）。US分析显示，与FDL（1.2±0.1 mm）和FHL（1.1±0.1 mm）相比，TP的厚度（2.0±0.2 mm）相对较大。此外，TP的束长明显延长（25.6±4.1 mm）。结论：我们的解剖和组织学结果表明，胫骨后肌（TP）是最厚的，生理角度明显，胶原蛋白含量高。这种特性使脚蹼能够通过向小腿传递恒定的力来提供稳定性。另一方面，幻觉长屈肌（FHL）显示出最高的弹性纤维含量，证实了其施加瞬时，快速和强大力量的能力。

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来源期刊

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Medicine-Pathology and Forensic Medicine

CiteScore

2.40

自引率

14.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Anatomy is a morphological science which cannot fail to interest the clinician. The practical application of anatomical research to clinical problems necessitates special adaptation and selectivity in choosing from numerous international works. Although there is a tendency to believe that meaningful advances in anatomy are unlikely, constant revision is necessary. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, the first international journal of Clinical anatomy has been created in this spirit. Its goal is to serve clinicians, regardless of speciality-physicians, surgeons, radiologists or other specialists-as an indispensable aid with which they can improve their knowledge of anatomy. Each issue includes: Original papers, review articles, articles on the anatomical bases of medical, surgical and radiological techniques, articles of normal radiologic anatomy, brief reviews of anatomical publications of clinical interest. Particular attention is given to high quality illustrations, which are indispensable for a better understanding of anatomical problems. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy is a journal written by anatomists for clinicians with a special interest in anatomy.