Performance of a safety protocol for scuba diving in people with type 1 diabetes: 20 years of “Diabete Sommerso®” experience

IF 6.1 3区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes research and clinical practice Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111945

Elena Gamarra , Pierpaolo Trimboli , Giovanni Careddu , Andrea Fazi , Valentina Turra , Ambra Morelli , Elena Cimino , Paolo Di Bartolo , Umberto Valentini , Matteo Bonomo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims

Scuba diving for people with diabetes was discouraged due to hypoglycemia risks. However, evolving guidelines now enable safe diving for people with diabetes. Among them, the Diabete Sommerso® safety protocol. This study aims to describe data from 20 years of DS activities and evaluate the performance of the protocol in avoiding metabolic complications.

Research design and methods

During DS camps, participants are trained to monitor glycemia before and immediately after diving, aiming for stable levels between 150–250 mg/dl. Since 2004, glycemic data from dives conducted with DS/independently by its members have been collected.

Results

DS issued diving licenses to 74 type 1 diabetic people. Data are available for 68: median age was 32 years (IQR 22 yrs), diabetes duration 18 years (IQR 16 yrs), HbA1c 7 % (IQR 1 %). 34 used insulin pumps, 43 continuous glucose monitoring. A total of 1179 dives were analyzed, showing a median reduction in glycemia of −38 mg/dl during dives (IQR 92 mg/dl, p < 0.0001). Post-dive hypoglycemia occurred in 23 cases, 45 % of which involved protocol non-adherence. Hypoglycemia prevalence was 1.7 % when the protocol was followed. No severe hypoglycemic episodes occoured during/after diving.

Conclusions

Data from 1179 dives indicate that, with adherence to the safety protocol, scuba diving is safe and poses no risk of severe hypoglycemia for people with type 1 diabetes.

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1型糖尿病患者水肺潜水安全方案的性能：20 年“Diabete Sommerso®”经验。

背景和目的：由于低血糖的风险，不鼓励糖尿病患者进行水肺潜水。然而，不断发展的指导方针现在使糖尿病患者能够安全潜水。其中，diabetes Sommerso®安全协议。本研究旨在描述20 年DS活动的数据，并评估该方案在避免代谢并发症方面的表现。研究设计和方法：在DS训练营期间，参与者接受训练，监测潜水前和潜水后的血糖，目标是将血糖稳定在150-250 mg/dl之间。自2004年以来，已经收集了由DS/独立成员进行的潜水血糖数据。结果：DS为74例1型糖尿病患者颁发了潜水证。可获得的数据为68例：中位年龄为32 岁（IQR 22岁），糖尿病病程为18 岁（IQR 16岁），HbA1c为7 % （IQR 1 %）。34例使用胰岛素泵，43例持续血糖监测。共分析了1179次潜水，结果显示潜水期间血糖中位数降低了-38 mg/dl （IQR 92 mg/dl, p ）。结论：1179次潜水的数据表明，在遵守安全方案的情况下，水肺潜水是安全的，对1型糖尿病患者没有严重低血糖的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Diabetes research and clinical practice 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

3.90%

发文量

862

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice is an international journal for health-care providers and clinically oriented researchers that publishes high-quality original research articles and expert reviews in diabetes and related areas. The role of the journal is to provide a venue for dissemination of knowledge and discussion of topics related to diabetes clinical research and patient care. Topics of focus include translational science, genetics, immunology, nutrition, psychosocial research, epidemiology, prevention, socio-economic research, complications, new treatments, technologies and therapy.