Heavy metal contamination in cow and buffalo milk from industrial and residential areas of raipur, India: A health risk assessment.

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2024.115178

Anuradha Sharma, Shashi Gupta, Kamlesh Shrivas, Suryakant Chakradhari, Shamsh Pervez, Manas Kanti Deb

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigated heavy metal contamination in cow and buffalo milk from industrial and residential areas of Raipur, India, assessing health risks and identifying contamination sources. Milk samples were collected from seven sites and analyzed for Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and As using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results revealed higher contamination in industrial areas, with fodder being a primary source for Zn, Ni, Fe, and Cu, while water contributed to Mn, Cr, and As. Estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) determination highlighted non-carcinogenic risks for Ni, Fe, and Pb, and significant carcinogenic risks for Pb and As. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and As in milk samples were ranged from 1.708 to 3.243, 0.078-0.295, 1.480-4.450, 0.119-0.472, 0.032-0.461, 0.007-0.040, 0.006-0.032, 0.040-0.204, and 0.006-0.023 mg/kg, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified fodder as a source of Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cd, while water contributed to Mn, Cr, and As. This study needed monitoring and regulation to mitigate health risks from contaminated milk in Raipur.

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.