Vertical microphysical structures of summer heavy rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley from GPM DPR data

IF 4.5 2区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Atmospheric Research Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107833

Peng Hu , Leilei Kou , Wenjiao Wang , Haiyang Gao , Yanqing Xie , Liguo Zhang , Jian Shang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Increasing heavy rainfall poses significant challenges in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley (YHRV). There is a need for more specific insights into the vertical microphysical structures and their influence on heavy rainfall to enhance the accuracy of numerical simulations and forecasts. Using data from the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite from 2014 to 2023, this study investigated the vertical microphysical structures of different types of heavy summer rainfall (> 8 mm/h) and elucidated their impacts on the rain rate in the YHRV. Based on the radar reflectivity thresholds at different altitudes, heavy summer rainfall was classified into four types: deep convective, shallow convective, stratiform rainfall, and warm rainfall. In the YHRV region, shallow convective rainfall contributed the most to total heavy rainfall (39.1 %) and had the highest occurrence (44.7 %) of extreme rainfall (>50 mm/h). Stratiform rainfall occurred most frequently but decreased rapidly with increasing rain rates, while warm rainfall contributed little to heavy rainfall. For the vertical microphysical structure of heavy rainfall, deep convective rainfall exhibited rapid growth of large particles above the melting layer, resulting in the largest average mass-weighted diameter (D_m) near the surface (2.2 mm), but the smallest average droplet concentration (recorded as dBN_w in the decibel scale), approximately 37. Below the melting layer, the D_m of small particles in the shallow convective rainfall increased rapidly, and the impact of coalescence was much greater than that of break-up. Except for warm rainfall, the average D_m for other types of heavy rainfall remained relatively high, exceeding 1.5 mm both within and below the melting layer. The average dBN_w increased consistently as altitude decreased. As rainfall intensified to extreme rainfall, the average rain rate of shallow convective rainfall slightly surpassed that of deep convective rainfall. This was due to a decrease in average dBN_w for deep convective rainfall, while the average dBN_w of shallow convective rainfall continued to increase.

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基于GPM - DPR数据的长江-淮河流域夏季强降水垂直微物理结构

日益增加的强降雨给长江-淮河流域（YHRV）带来了重大挑战。需要更具体地了解垂直微物理结构及其对暴雨的影响，以提高数值模拟和预报的准确性。利用2014 - 2023年全球降水测量卫星（GPM）上的双频降水雷达（DPR）数据，研究了不同类型夏季强降水(>；8 mm/h)，并阐明了它们对YHRV降雨速率的影响。根据不同高度的雷达反射率阈值，将夏季强降水分为深对流、浅对流、层状降水和暖降水四种类型。在YHRV区，浅层对流降水对总强降水的贡献最大（39.1%），极端降水（50 mm/h）的发生率最高（44.7%）。层状降水发生频率最高，但随降雨率的增加而迅速减少，暖雨对强降水贡献不大。对于强降雨的垂直微物理结构，深对流降水在熔融层以上表现出大颗粒的快速增长，导致近地表的平均质量加权直径（Dm）最大（2.2 mm），而平均液滴浓度（分贝尺度记录为dBNw）最小，约为37。在熔融层以下，浅层对流降水中小颗粒的Dm迅速增大，且合并的影响远大于破碎的影响。除暖雨外，其他类型强降雨的平均Dm保持较高，在融化层内部和以下均超过1.5 mm。平均dBNw随着海拔的下降而持续增加。随着降水向极端降水的增强，浅对流降水的平均降雨率略高于深对流降水。这是由于深对流降水的平均dBNw减少，而浅对流降水的平均dBNw继续增加。

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来源期刊

Atmospheric Research 地学-气象与大气科学

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

10.90%

发文量

460

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： The journal publishes scientific papers (research papers, review articles, letters and notes) dealing with the part of the atmosphere where meteorological events occur. Attention is given to all processes extending from the earth surface to the tropopause, but special emphasis continues to be devoted to the physics of clouds, mesoscale meteorology and air pollution, i.e. atmospheric aerosols; microphysical processes; cloud dynamics and thermodynamics; numerical simulation, climatology, climate change and weather modification.