Cardiorespiratory effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid during isoflurane anaesthesia in pigs

IF 1.4 2区农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.vaa.2024.10.135

Charlotte Cuypers , Mathias Devreese , Katleen Van Uytfanghe , Christophe Stove , Glenn Van Steenkiste , Stijn Schauvliege

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the haemodynamic effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in isoflurane-anaesthetized pigs.

Study design

Experimental, randomized, nonblinded, crossover study.

Animals

A group of six stress-resistant Landrace pigs (approximately 3 months old; three male, three female; bodyweight 39.2 ± 4 kg, mean ± standard deviation).

Methods

After premedication (midazolam 0.5 mg kg^–1 and ketamine 10 mg kg^–1 intramuscularly) and induction [propofol 0.25–0.5 mg kg^–1 intravenously (IV)], anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen, and either GHB 250 mg kg^–1 IV or an equal volume of saline was administered (minimum washout period 1 week). Systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures, heart rate and rhythm and respiratory rate were recorded every 5 minutes for 2 hours. Arterial samples were collected for blood gas and pharmacokinetic analyses. Relative changes from baseline were calculated and compared between treatments using a mixed model with time, period and treatment as variables (α < 0.05).

Results

Changes from baseline differed significantly between treatments (p < 0.001) for SAP (GHB –1.6 ± 10.7; saline –5.9 ± 14.8 mmHg), DAP (GHB +2.9 ± 9.6; saline –6.5 ± 10.7 mmHg) and MAP (GHB +2.2 ± 10.5; saline –5.7 ± 9.6 mmHg). Statistical analysis of secondary outcomes suggested effects on PaO₂ [GHB –45.2 ± 29.8 mmHg (–6.03 ± 3.97 kPa); saline +24.5 ± 32.4 mmHg (+3.27 ± 4.32 kPa); p < 0.001] and PaCO₂ [GHB –2 ± 10 mmHg (–0.27 ± 1.33 kPa); saline –9 ± 8 mmHg (–1.20 ± 1.07 kPa); p < 0.001]. Mean maximum blood concentration of GHB was 1171.1 ± 229.3 μg mL^–1, with volume of distribution 335.3 ± 68.5 mL kg^–1, clearance 77.2 ± 19.12 mL kg^–1 hour^–1 and elimination half-life 3.10 ± 0.80 hours.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

GHB did not cause severe physiological side effects and may reduce cardiovascular depression.

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异氟醚麻醉期间γ -羟基丁酸对猪心肺功能的影响。

目的：研究γ -羟基丁酸（GHB）对异氟醚麻醉猪血流动力学的影响。研究设计：实验、随机、非盲、交叉研究。动物：一组6头抗压力长白猪(约3个月大；三男三女；体重（39.2±4 kg，平均值±标准差）。方法：在给药前（咪达唑仑0.5 mg kg-1，氯胺酮10 mg kg-1肌注）和诱导后（异丙酚0.25 ~ 0.5 mg kg-1静脉注射（IV）），异氟醚氧维持麻醉，并给予GHB 250 mg kg-1静脉注射或等量生理盐水（最短洗脱期1周）。每5分钟记录一次收缩压（SAP）、舒张压（DAP）和平均动脉压（MAP）、心率、节律和呼吸频率，持续2小时。采集动脉标本进行血气和药代动力学分析。采用以时间、周期和治疗为变量的混合模型计算与基线的相对变化（α < 0.05）。结果：SAP治疗组与基线相比差异显著（p < 0.001） (GHB -1.6±10.7；生理盐水-5.9±14.8 mmHg), DAP (GHB +2.9±9.6；生理盐水-6.5±10.7 mmHg)和MAP (GHB +2.2±10.5；生理盐水-5.7±9.6 mmHg)。统计分析显示次要结局对PaO2 [GHB]有影响-45.2±29.8 mmHg(-6.03±3.97 kPa)；生理盐水+24.5±32.4 mmHg(+3.27±4.32 kPa)；p < 0.001]和PaCO2 [GHB -2±10 mmHg(-0.27±1.33 kPa)；生理盐水-9±8 mmHg(-1.20±1.07 kPa)；P < 0.001]。GHB平均最高血药浓度为1171.1±229.3 μg mL-1，分布容积为335.3±68.5 mL kg-1，清除率为77.2±19.12 mL kg-1小时-1，消除半衰期为3.10±0.80小时。结论及临床意义：GHB无严重的生理副作用，可减轻心血管抑郁。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia 农林科学-兽医学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

17.60%

发文量

审稿时长

97 days

期刊介绍： Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome: the basic sciences; pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management equipment intensive care chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals welfare issues associated with pain and distress education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia. Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.