First report of Stenocarpella macrospora causing Diplodia leaf streak disease of maize in Yunnan Province, China.

IF 4.4 2区 农林科学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Yinglong Liu, Wanqian Cheng, Zhenglong Zhao, Bo Kang, Peng-Bo He, Pengfei He, Yixin Wu, Shahzad Munir, Yueqiu He
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In severe cases, the lesions expanded, leading to complete leaf necrosis, which caused significant damage to maize production. Dark brown sub-epidermal pycnidia and conidia were observed on the necrotic leaf tissue. The pycnidia were globose or sac-like structures, with short and narrow conidiophores. The newly formed conidia are narrow, non-septate, and have transparent cytoplasm. The conidia are subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, straight, curved, or occasionally irregular, measuring 38 to 86 × 7.2 to 12.3 µm. They are 0-3-septate, smooth-walled, pale brown, apex obtuse, base truncate. Therefore, 80 individual conidia were picked under a dissecting microscope, transferred to PDA plates containing antibiotics (10 mg/L rifampicin and ampicillin) followed by incubation at 28°C for 7 days (Fei et al., 2019). After seven days, the colonies of all isolates were turned grey and downy. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays. L) is cultivated globally as a staple food crop, animal feed, and biofuel. However, persistent diseases in maize have led significant yield losses and a decline in grain quality (Yang et al., 2017). In August 2024, long and narrow lesions were observed on the leaves of maize growing in a field in Luoping County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China (24° 94' 87" N, 101° 32' 24" E). The incidence of the disease was investigated to be about 15-30% in different varieties of maize planting areas in seven townships. Initial symptoms appeared as yellow to tan stripes, with the lesions measuring 3 to 48 mm in width and 45 to 560 mm in length. In severe cases, the lesions expanded, leading to complete leaf necrosis, which caused significant damage to maize production. Dark brown sub-epidermal pycnidia and conidia were observed on the necrotic leaf tissue. The pycnidia were globose or sac-like structures, with short and narrow conidiophores. The newly formed conidia are narrow, non-septate, and have transparent cytoplasm. The conidia are subcylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, straight, curved, or occasionally irregular, measuring 38 to 86 × 7.2 to 12.3 µm. They are 0-3-septate, smooth-walled, pale brown, apex obtuse, base truncate. Therefore, 80 individual conidia were picked under a dissecting microscope, transferred to PDA plates containing antibiotics (10 mg/L rifampicin and ampicillin) followed by incubation at 28°C for 7 days (Fei et al., 2019). After seven days, the colonies of all isolates were turned grey and downy. Based on the maize leaf symptoms and the morphological characteristics of the pycnidia and conidia, the fungus was tentatively identified as Stenocarpella spp. (Luna et al., 2016). To confirm the identity of all isolates, DNA was extracted from 10 randomly selected isolates using the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) gene were amplified using the primer pairs ITS-1/ITS-4 and EF-1/EF-2, respectively, and then sequenced (Lamprecht et al., 2011). After comparison, the two target sequences of 10 isolates were consistent. BLASTn analysis revealed 99.27% and 100.00% homology with the two target sequences of Stenocarpella macrospora (syn. = Diplodia macrospora) (GQ259128.1, MG934504.1). Based on phylogenetic analysis of two targets, the isolate MS01 was clustered on the same evolutionary branch with S. macrospora. The two target sequences of isolate MS01 was submitted to GenBank under the accession numbers PQ241617.1 and PQ243292.1. To confirm the pathogenicity, a suspension (1 × 106 spores /mL) of isolate MS01 conidial was sprayed onto nine healthy leaves of maize plants in vitro and three pots cultivated with the plants (five plants per pot) in vivo. Plant treated with sterilized water served as control group. The treated plants were incubated at 28°C, 90% relative humidity with alternating light-dark cycles (i.e. 12 h shifts) for 3-10 days. At the same time, the conidial suspension was injected and inoculated onto maize ears, with water used as a blank control. Each treatment contained 3ears, 10 µL of the suspension was applied to each seed treatment. Inoculated leaves developed brown spots that gradually expanded into streak lesions extending toward the ends of the leaves, similar to those observed in the field. Additionally, the maize seeds become also moldy, whereas the control leaves and ears remained symptomless. The same pathogen was re-isolated from the infected leaves and ears, confirming Koch's postulates. Previously, S. macrospora and S. maydis have been reported in many countries across North, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania, where maize is grown commercially. These pathogens are known to infect maize ears, stalks, and leaves of maize and also can produce mycotoxins (Romero et al., 2015; Snyman et al., 2011). To our knowledge, S. macrospora causing dry rot and ear rot of maize has been reported in China, but it is mostly found in quarantine at the time of importation (Tai et al., 1979; Shan et al., 2024). This is the first report of S. macrospora causing Diplodia leaf streak disease of maize in Yunnan Province, China. Since Stenocarpella spp. is one of the most destructive diseases of maize globally, the results of this study provide a foundation for developing effective prevention, control, and quarantine strategies for managing this disease.

云南玉米大孢子窄霉病的首次报道。
玉米(玉米)L)在全球范围内作为主要粮食作物、动物饲料和生物燃料种植。然而,玉米的持续病害导致了显著的产量损失和谷物品质下降(Yang等,2017)。2024年8月,在中国云南省曲靖市罗平县(24°94′87”N, 101°32′24”E)的玉米田间,发现玉米叶片出现狭长病害,在7个乡镇不同品种玉米种植区的发病率约为15-30%。最初症状表现为黄至棕褐色条纹,病变宽3至48毫米,长45至560毫米。严重时,病变扩大,导致叶片完全坏死,对玉米生产造成重大损害。坏死叶组织上可见深棕色的下表皮孢子和分生孢子。孢子囊为球状或囊状结构,分生孢子短而窄。新形成的分生孢子狭窄,不间隔,胞质透明。分生孢子呈亚圆柱形至窄椭球形,有直的、弯的,有时不规则,直径为38 ~ 86 × 7.2 ~ 12.3µm。它们0-3隔,光滑壁,浅棕色,先端钝,基部截形。因此,在解剖显微镜下采摘80个单独的分生孢子,将其转移到含有抗生素(10 mg/L利福平和氨苄西林)的PDA板上,在28℃下孵育7天(Fei et al., 2019)。7天后,所有分离的菌落都变成灰色和绒毛。根据玉米叶片症状及孢子和分生孢子的形态特征,初步鉴定该真菌为Stenocarpella spp. (Luna et al., 2016)。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法对随机选取的10株分离菌进行DNA提取。利用ITS-1/ITS-4和EF-1/EF-2引物分别扩增内部转录间隔区(ITS)和翻译伸长因子1α (TEF-1α)基因,并进行测序(Lamprecht et al., 2011)。经比较,10株菌株的两个目标序列是一致的。BLASTn分析结果显示,该基因与大孢子窄藻(Stenocarpella macrospora, syn. = Diplodia macrospora) (GQ259128.1, MG934504.1)的两个目标序列同源性分别为99.27%和100.00%。系统发育分析表明,分离物MS01与大孢子葡萄球菌聚在同一进化分支上。分离物MS01的两个目标序列提交给GenBank,登录号为PQ241617.1和PQ243292.1。为证实该病原菌的致病性,将分离菌株MS01分生孢子悬浮液(1 × 106孢子/mL)喷洒在9株玉米的离体健康叶片上,并在体内培养3个盆栽(每罐5株)。用灭菌水处理的植物作为对照组。处理后的植株在28°C, 90%相对湿度的条件下,光暗交替循环(即12 h一班)培养3-10天。同时,将分生孢子悬液注射接种于玉米穗上,以水为空白对照。每个处理3穗,每个处理投加10µL悬液。接种后的叶片出现褐色斑点,逐渐扩展成条纹状病变,向叶片末端延伸,与田间观察到的相似。此外,玉米种子也会发霉,而对照的叶片和穗则没有任何症状。从被感染的叶子和耳朵中重新分离出同样的病原体,证实了科赫的假设。以前,在北美、中美洲和南美洲、非洲、亚洲和大洋洲的许多国家都报道过大孢子s和麦氏s,这些国家的玉米都是商业化种植的。已知这些病原体会感染玉米的穗、茎和叶片,并能产生真菌毒素(Romero等人,2015;Snyman et al., 2011)。据我们所知,中国曾报道过引起玉米干腐病和穗腐病的大孢子S. macrospora,但主要是在进口时的检疫中发现的(Tai et al., 1979;Shan et al., 2024)。这是中国云南省首次报道引起玉米二重体条病的大孢子S.。由于窄霉病是全球最具破坏性的玉米病害之一,本研究结果为制定有效的预防、控制和检疫策略提供了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Plant disease
Plant disease 农林科学-植物科学
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
13.30%
发文量
1993
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Plant Disease is the leading international journal for rapid reporting of research on new, emerging, and established plant diseases. The journal publishes papers that describe basic and applied research focusing on practical aspects of disease diagnosis, development, and management.
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