SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence in a Delivering Refugee Population: Refugee Status, Payor Type, Race, and Vaccination Status.

Abstract

Underserved communities were disproportionately affected during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Limited data exist on the impact of COVID-19 among refugee populations because refugee status is not often classified in electronic medical record (EMR) systems, unlike race or primary language. The study aim was to evaluate the PCR-based prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a delivering population over the first 2 years of the pandemic by refugee status, ethnicity, insurance, and vaccination status. A cross-sectional study examined parturient patients admitted to an urban safety-net hospital from May 2020 to May 2022 who were tested for SARS-CoV-2on admission. Percentages and prevalence ratios of SARS-CoV-2 between refugee status, insurance type, vaccination status, and race/ethnicity were calculated across four time periods, corresponding with variant surges of the pandemic. 3,502 patients delivered, 476 (13.6%) were refugees. Self-pay (46.4%) and Medicaid (46.4%) were the most frequent insurance types with a Hispanic predominance (64.5%) by race/ethnicity. Only 12.8% of patients received at least one vaccine before delivery: 13.2% in non-refugees versus 10.3% refugees 192 (5.5%) of the mothers tested positive during the study period with 6.1% refugees positive versus 5.4% among non-refugees, (prevalence ratio, 1.13; P = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [0.77, 1.66]). Positive tests ranged between 4.7% and 6.3% across insurance types and between 4.4% and 7.5% across race/ethnicity categories. The highest prevalence ratio (refugee/non-refugee) of 2.01 was during the Delta Surge (P = 0.12, 95% confidence interval [0.84, 4.82]) and the lowest prevalence ratio of 0.64 was during the Omicron Surge (P = 0.21, 95% CI [0.32, 1.30]). Among refugees when examined by primary language, 51.7% of positive tests were from those speaking languages of the African Great Lakes region (Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Swahili, Kiswahili). We observed only small differences in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence between refugees and non-refugees or in vaccination status. Variations in prevalence ratio were seen by refugee status by variant surge. Subsets of the refugee population, when grouped by language/region, appeared to be more affected. This warrants future research on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on specific refugee communities, rather than refugee communities as a heterogenous unit.