Monitoring alpha-cypermethrin susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Rahul Chaubey, Ashish Shukla, Anurag Kumar Kushwaha, Shakti Kumar Singh, Om Prakash Singh, Rajiv Kumar, Phillip Lawyer, Edgar Rowton, Christine A Petersen, Scott A Bernhardt, Shyam Sundar
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), known as Kala-azar on the Indian subcontinent, is a parasitic disease caused by the flagellated protozoa Leishmania donovani and can be fatal if left untreated. The sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes is the only proven vector of VL in the Southeast Asia region, and VL control in this region has relied on the use of synthetic insecticides for indoor residual spraying (IRS). The use of DDT in VL control programmes has led to the development of resistance to this insecticide in sand flies, resulting in DDT being replaced with the insecticide alpha-cypermethrin. However, alpha-cypermethrin has a similar mode of action as DDT and, therefore, the risk of resistance development in sand flies increases under the pressure of regular exposure to this insecticide. In the present study we assessed the susceptibility status of wild-caught sand flies and F1 progeny using the CDC bottle bioassay.

Methods: Sand flies were collected from 10 villages in Muzaffarpur District, Bihar, India. Eight of these villages are receiving continuous IRS with alpha-cypermethrin, one village had discontinued IRS with alpha-cypermethrin and one village had never received IRS with alpha-cypermethrin. The collected sand flies were exposed to a pre-determined diagnostic dose for a specific time duration (3 µg/ml for 40 min), and knockdown and mortality at 24 h post-exposure were recorded.

Results: Knockdown ranged from 91.19% to 99.47% for wild-caught sand flies and from 91.70% to 98.89% for their F1 progeny. At 24 h post-exposure, mortality ranged from 89.34% to 98.93% for wild-caught sand flies and from 90.16% to 98.33% for F1 progeny.

Conclusions: The results of this study showed that P. argentipes is potentially developing resistance, signalling the need for continuous monitoring and vigilance to sustain the validation of elimination once achieved.

使用疾控中心瓶型生物测定法监测印度内脏利什曼病病媒——阿根廷白蛉对高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性。
背景:内脏利什曼病(VL),在印度次大陆被称为黑热病,是一种由鞭毛原虫多诺瓦利什曼原虫引起的寄生虫病,如果不及时治疗可致人死亡。在东南亚地区,白蛉是唯一被证实的VL病媒,该地区的VL控制依赖于室内残留喷洒合成杀虫剂。在害虫控制规划中使用滴滴涕已导致沙蝇对这种杀虫剂产生抗药性,导致滴滴涕被杀虫剂高效氯氰菊酯取代。然而,高效氯氰菊酯的作用方式与滴滴涕相似,因此,在经常接触这种杀虫剂的压力下,沙蝇产生抗药性的风险增加。本研究采用CDC瓶法测定野生沙蝇及其F1后代的易感状况。方法:在印度比哈尔邦穆扎法尔普尔区10个村庄采集沙蝇。其中8个村庄正在接受持续的高效氯氰菊酯室内滞留治疗,一个村庄已经停止了高效氯氰菊酯室内滞留治疗,一个村庄从未接受过高效氯氰菊酯室内滞留治疗。将收集到的沙蝇暴露于预先确定的诊断剂量(3µg/ml,持续40 min),记录暴露后24 h的敲除和死亡率。结果:野生沙蝇的击倒率为91.19% ~ 99.47%,其F1后代的击倒率为91.70% ~ 98.89%。暴露后24 h,野生沙蝇的死亡率为89.34% ~ 98.93%,F1子代的死亡率为90.16% ~ 98.33%。结论:本研究结果表明,阿根廷弧菌正潜在地产生耐药性,这表明需要持续监测和保持警惕,以维持一旦实现消除的有效性。
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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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