Javier Hernando-Redondo, Olga Castañer Niño, Montse Fitó
{"title":"Atherogenic low-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular risk.","authors":"Javier Hernando-Redondo, Olga Castañer Niño, Montse Fitó","doi":"10.1097/MOL.0000000000000963","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Despite reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLc), residual cardiovascular risk remains due to factors beyond lipoprotein levels, such as LDL particle count, size, electronegativity and modifications. Technological advances allow detailed profiling of LDL particles, offering potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the state of knowledge in the field of LDL atherosclerotic role, which is evolving rapidly due to technological advances in biomarker measurement and applications.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While small dense LDL has been linked to increased CVD risk, current approaches favor a comprehensive evaluation of all lipoprotein subtypes, as this is a more feasible and standardized method. The atherogenic potential of circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) may be the key factor in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Thus, elevated oxLDL levels are recognized as a marker of increased CVD risk in both general and high-risk populations, although further research is needed to clarify some conflicting findings. The oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) has emerged as a promising target for immunotherapy and innovative drug delivery strategies to modulate atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A panel of biomarkers related to LDL atherogenicity may help predict future ischemic events. An atheroprotective diet and increased physical activity could improve LDL oxidation. OxLDL has become a target for immunomodulatory antiatherosclerosis therapy and delivering LDL-based nanocarriers holds promise for both imaging and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11109,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in lipidology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current opinion in lipidology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000963","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose of the review: Despite reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLc), residual cardiovascular risk remains due to factors beyond lipoprotein levels, such as LDL particle count, size, electronegativity and modifications. Technological advances allow detailed profiling of LDL particles, offering potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of the state of knowledge in the field of LDL atherosclerotic role, which is evolving rapidly due to technological advances in biomarker measurement and applications.
Recent findings: While small dense LDL has been linked to increased CVD risk, current approaches favor a comprehensive evaluation of all lipoprotein subtypes, as this is a more feasible and standardized method. The atherogenic potential of circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) may be the key factor in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Thus, elevated oxLDL levels are recognized as a marker of increased CVD risk in both general and high-risk populations, although further research is needed to clarify some conflicting findings. The oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) has emerged as a promising target for immunotherapy and innovative drug delivery strategies to modulate atherosclerosis.
Summary: A panel of biomarkers related to LDL atherogenicity may help predict future ischemic events. An atheroprotective diet and increased physical activity could improve LDL oxidation. OxLDL has become a target for immunomodulatory antiatherosclerosis therapy and delivering LDL-based nanocarriers holds promise for both imaging and therapeutics.
期刊介绍:
With its easy-to-digest reviews on important advances in world literature, Current Opinion in Lipidology offers expert evaluation on a wide range of topics from six key disciplines including nutrition and metabolism, genetics and molecular biology, and hyperlipidaemia and cardiovascular disease. Published bimonthly, each issue covers in detail the most pertinent advances in these fields from the previous year. This is supplemented by a section of Bimonthly Updates, which deliver an insight into new developments at the cutting edge of the disciplines covered in the journal.