Linear and branched alkyl chain modification of PF resin: Synthesis, pyrolysis and ablative performance at high heat flux

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127926

Temina Mary Robert, Roshith K.R, Vinay Unnikrishnan, Deepthi Thomas, Santhosh Kumar K S, Dona Mathew

{"title":"Linear and branched alkyl chain modification of PF resin: Synthesis, pyrolysis and ablative performance at high heat flux","authors":"Temina Mary Robert, Roshith K.R, Vinay Unnikrishnan, Deepthi Thomas, Santhosh Kumar K S, Dona Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127926","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Alkyl modified phenolic resins were synthesized by acid catalyzed etherification of Phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) using linear (n-propyl-NPA and n-butyl-NBA) and branched (iso-propyl-IPA and t-butyl-TBA) chain alcohols and characterized. Spectroscopic characterization (FTIR and 1H NMR) and hydroxyl value revealed the extent of etherification to be ca. 10-13%. Enthalpy of curing was not significantly varied with etherification from the control PF resin. Mechanical property evaluation indicated an increase in elongation by 60-80 %. Glass transition temperature was about 135-144 °C vis- a- vis 148 °C for the unmodified PF resin. Thermal stability of the synthesized PF resins was not significantly altered and a marginal improvement in char residue (PF- 49 % and alkyl modified PF- 54 -57 %) was observed at 900 °C. Low density carbon composites (0.70 g/cc) were processed using these PF resins as matrix resins and porous graphitic felt as reinforcement and evaluated their thermal and ablative characteristics. Alkyl modification improved the wettability of the graphitic felt and a reduction in backwall temperature was observed when the cured composites were subjected to Plasma arc jet at 220 W/cm2 at the end of 500 seconds.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.127926","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Alkyl modified phenolic resins were synthesized by acid catalyzed etherification of Phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) using linear (n-propyl-NPA and n-butyl-NBA) and branched (iso-propyl-IPA and t-butyl-TBA) chain alcohols and characterized. Spectroscopic characterization (FTIR and ¹H NMR) and hydroxyl value revealed the extent of etherification to be ca. 10-13%. Enthalpy of curing was not significantly varied with etherification from the control PF resin. Mechanical property evaluation indicated an increase in elongation by 60-80 %. Glass transition temperature was about 135-144 °C vis- a- vis 148 °C for the unmodified PF resin. Thermal stability of the synthesized PF resins was not significantly altered and a marginal improvement in char residue (PF- 49 % and alkyl modified PF- 54 -57 %) was observed at 900 °C. Low density carbon composites (0.70 g/cc) were processed using these PF resins as matrix resins and porous graphitic felt as reinforcement and evaluated their thermal and ablative characteristics. Alkyl modification improved the wettability of the graphitic felt and a reduction in backwall temperature was observed when the cured composites were subjected to Plasma arc jet at 220 W/cm² at the end of 500 seconds.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Polymer 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

8.70%

发文量

959

审稿时长

32 days

期刊介绍： Polymer is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing innovative and significant advances in Polymer Physics, Chemistry and Technology. We welcome submissions on polymer hybrids, nanocomposites, characterisation and self-assembly. Polymer also publishes work on the technological application of polymers in energy and optoelectronics. The main scope is covered but not limited to the following core areas: Polymer Materials Nanocomposites and hybrid nanomaterials Polymer blends, films, fibres, networks and porous materials Physical Characterization Characterisation, modelling and simulation* of molecular and materials properties in bulk, solution, and thin films Polymer Engineering Advanced multiscale processing methods Polymer Synthesis, Modification and Self-assembly Including designer polymer architectures, mechanisms and kinetics, and supramolecular polymerization Technological Applications Polymers for energy generation and storage Polymer membranes for separation technology Polymers for opto- and microelectronics.