Level of compliance to smoke-free laws by restaurants in Karachi: an observational study.

IF 4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Mahrukh Zafar, Sabahat Naz, Rahat Batool, AbidAli Vancy, Javaid A Khan, Romaina Iqbal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to secondhand smoke is a significant public health concern. Our study assessed the level of implementation of smoke-free laws in restaurants in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in District East, Karachi. We randomly selected 40 restaurants based on their meal cost: 17 low (<400 PKR/meal), 12 medium (400-600 PKR/meal) and 11 high-end (>600 PKR/meal). We assessed tobacco control law implementation using an observational checklist that included questions about the presence of no-smoking signs, presence of smokers, people/children near smokers and remains of tobacco products and developed a compliance score for smoke-free laws: compliant (all criteria met), partially compliant (1-2 criteria met) and non-compliant (none met). We asked questions about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding smoke-free laws with each restaurant's staff. We reported frequencies and percentages for observations and questionnaire responses by restaurant category.

Results: Of the 40 restaurants, 70% (n=28) were either non-compliant or partially compliant, with 82% of low-end and 67% of medium-end were either non-compliant or partially compliant. None of the high-end restaurants were non-compliant; however, 55% partially complied with the smoke-free laws. More than half (53%, n=21) had no no-smoking signs. Smokers were observed on terraces or near children in 20% (n=8) of restaurants, and ashtrays or cigarette packs/butts were found in 40% (n=16). Fifty per cent of restaurant staff (n=20) believed that there was no tobacco control law in Pakistan, only 10% (n=4) knew the particulars of the law and 18% (n=7) were aware of any penalties for violations. In addition, 60% (n=24) reported no visits from legislative or administrative bodies to enforce compliance.

Conclusion: Our study reveals disparities in the compliance of smoke-free laws between low-end and high-end restaurants, highlighting the need to enforce these laws across all restaurant categories effectively.

卡拉奇餐馆遵守无烟法律的程度:一项观察性研究。
简介:接触二手烟是一个重大的公共卫生问题。我们的研究评估了巴基斯坦卡拉奇餐馆禁烟法的实施水平。方法:我们在卡拉奇东区进行了横断面研究。我们根据用餐成本随机选择了40家餐厅:17家低(600 PKR/餐)。我们使用一份观察性检查表评估烟草控制法律的实施情况,该检查表包括有关禁烟标志、吸烟者、吸烟者附近的人/儿童和烟草制品残留物的存在等问题,并制定了无烟法律的合规评分:合规(满足所有标准)、部分合规(满足1-2个标准)和不合规(不满足标准)。我们向每家餐厅的员工询问了有关禁烟法的知识、态度和做法。我们按餐厅类别报告了观察和问卷回答的频率和百分比。结果:在40家餐厅中,70% (n=28)的餐厅不合规或部分合规,其中82%的低端餐厅和67%的中端餐厅不合规或部分合规。没有一家高档餐厅不合规;然而,55%的人部分遵守了无烟法律。超过一半(53%,n=21)没有禁烟标志。20% (n=8)的餐馆在露台或儿童附近发现吸烟者,40% (n=16)的餐馆发现烟灰缸或烟盒/烟蒂。50%的餐厅员工(n=20)认为巴基斯坦没有烟草控制法律,只有10% (n=4)知道法律的细节,18% (n=7)知道对违规行为的任何处罚。此外,60% (n=24)报告没有立法或行政机构访问以强制执行。结论:我们的研究揭示了低端和高端餐厅在遵守无烟法律方面的差异,强调了在所有餐厅类别中有效执行这些法律的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Tobacco Control
Tobacco Control 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
9.10
自引率
26.90%
发文量
223
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tobacco Control is an international peer-reviewed journal covering the nature and consequences of tobacco use worldwide; tobacco''s effects on population health, the economy, the environment, and society; efforts to prevent and control the global tobacco epidemic through population-level education and policy changes; the ethical dimensions of tobacco control policies; and the activities of the tobacco industry and its allies.
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