Iodinated contrast dye-diluent combination exhibits longer time to full dye saturation compared to lidocaine, bupivacaine, and water in porcine cadaveric nervous tissue.
Victoria Albano, Stephanie Hon, Stephen Parry, Cristina de Miguel Garcia
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: Dye-diluent combinations have different nerve-staining behavior, making locoregional cadaveric dye study findings difficult to compare. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of 4 diluents on nerve color saturation when used in combination with commercial food dye.
Methods: 48 unpreserved brachial plexus nerves were randomized into 4 diluent groups. Lidocaine, bupivacaine, iodinated contrast, and sterile water were combined with commercial food dye (10:1), and prosected nerves were immersed in one of these groups for 1, 15, 30, or 60 minutes. Images at baseline and at each timepoint were processed using ImageJ. Color saturation was divided into quartiles (dark, medium dark, medium light, or light). The percentage of nerve area stained in each quartile was compared using a 2-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test.
Results: At 1 minute, water and bupivacaine had a higher percentage of area of dark saturation compared to contrast. At 15 and 30 minutes, dark and medium-dark saturation percentages of area were also larger in lidocaine, bupivacaine, and water compared to contrast. There were no differences in saturation percentages of areas between groups at 60 minutes. Within groups, all diluents had darker percentages of area saturation at 15, 30, and 60 minutes compared to minute 1.
Conclusions: In porcine nerves, the staining profiles of 2% lidocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and sterile water combined withcommercial food dye appear similar and may be used interchangeably after 15 minutes of exposure. When using iodinated contrast, exposures over 60 minutes yield comparable results to other diluents.
Clinical relevance: Diluents contribute to heterogeneous nerve-staining behavior and should be considered when comparing study outcomes. If contrast is used as the diluent in cadaveric studies with postoperative imaging, researchers should be aware of the significant delay to reach a saturation level comparable to other diluent combinations.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Veterinary Research supports the collaborative exchange of information between researchers and clinicians by publishing novel research findings that bridge the gulf between basic research and clinical practice or that help to translate laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and clinical practice. The journal welcomes submission of high-quality original studies and review articles in a wide range of scientific fields, including anatomy, anesthesiology, animal welfare, behavior, epidemiology, genetics, heredity, infectious disease, molecular biology, oncology, pharmacology, pathogenic mechanisms, physiology, surgery, theriogenology, toxicology, and vaccinology. Species of interest include production animals, companion animals, equids, exotic animals, birds, reptiles, and wild and marine animals. Reports of laboratory animal studies and studies involving the use of animals as experimental models of human diseases are considered only when the study results are of demonstrable benefit to the species used in the research or to another species of veterinary interest. Other fields of interest or animals species are not necessarily excluded from consideration, but such reports must focus on novel research findings. Submitted papers must make an original and substantial contribution to the veterinary medicine knowledge base; preliminary studies are not appropriate.
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