Paratuberculosis in South American camelids: two independent cases in alpacas in Germany.

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Heike Köhler, Jana Müller, Elena Kloß, Petra Möbius, Stefanie A Barth, Marlene Sickinger, Nicole Gies, Carsten Heydel, Martin Peters
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Abstract

Background: Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects domestic and wild ruminants and camelids. The disease has rarely been reported in alpacas in Germany. This publication describes epidemiologically independent cases of paratuberculosis in two alpacas in Germany.

Case presentation: Two alpacas, a 26-year-old female zoo animal (case 1) and a 2.5-year-old breeding stallion from a private owner (case 2), presented with progressive emaciation, leading to death (case 2) or euthanasia (case 1) because of deteriorating general condition. In both cases typical granulomatous lesions in the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes were found. In case 2, other lymph nodes were severely enlarged and MAP was detected in the mandibular lymph node, lung, and liver by qPCR. The MAP isolates differed between the alpacas, with two distinct phylogenetic clades (Clade 1 and 8) within Subgroup A of the MAP-C type group and two distinct INMV profiles (INMV 2 and 1) found. These genotypes have been identified in cattle and goats in different regions in Germany. The genotype isolated from case 1 has been detected in goats from the zoo since 2011, indicating transmission between these species.

Conclusions: MAP can cause severe clinical disease in alpacas of variable age and under different husbandry conditions. Therefore, paratuberculosis should be considered for differential diagnosis in alpacas with emaciation and poor general condition. Although not definitely shown, cross-species infection between ruminant species and camelids is exceedingly likely.

南美骆驼的副肺结核:德国羊驼的两个独立病例。
背景:副结核是由鸟分枝杆菌亚种副结核(MAP)引起的一种慢性肉芽肿性肠炎,影响家养和野生反刍动物和骆驼。这种疾病在德国羊驼身上很少有报道。该出版物描述了德国两只羊驼的流行病学独立的副肺结核病例。病例介绍:两只羊驼,一只26岁的动物园雌性动物(病例1)和一只来自私人主人的2.5岁的繁殖种马(病例2),表现为进行性消瘦,由于一般情况恶化导致死亡(病例2)或安乐死(病例1)。在这两例病例中都发现了典型的肠粘膜和肠系膜淋巴结肉芽肿病变。病例2其他淋巴结肿大严重,qPCR在下颌淋巴结、肺、肝脏检测到MAP。MAP分离株在羊驼之间存在差异,在MAP- c型群的A亚群中发现了两个不同的系统发育分支(分支1和分支8)和两个不同的INMV谱(INMV 2和INMV 1)。这些基因型已在德国不同地区的牛和山羊中发现。自2011年以来,在该动物园的山羊中发现了从病例1分离的基因型,表明这些物种之间存在传播。结论:MAP可在不同年龄、不同饲养条件下引起羊驼严重的临床疾病。因此,对于瘦弱和一般情况较差的羊驼,应考虑副结核的鉴别诊断。虽然没有明确的证据表明,反刍动物和骆驼之间的跨物种感染是极有可能的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMC Veterinary Research
BMC Veterinary Research VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
3.80%
发文量
420
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Veterinary Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of veterinary science and medicine, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of medical conditions of domestic, companion, farm and wild animals, as well as the biomedical processes that underlie their health.
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