Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as First Presentation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report.

IF 0.7 Q4 ONCOLOGY

Case Reports in Oncology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1159/000542341

Ahmad Tawalbeh, Abdulrahman Al-Mashdali, Ahmad Al-Sabbagh, Anil Y Ellahi, Mohamed A Yassin

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Abstract

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome and uncontrolled granulocyte production. While autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is commonly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, its occurrence in CML is rare, with only a few documented cases. Here, we report a case of concurrent chronic-phase CML and AIHA.

Case presentation: We present a 34-year-old female diagnosed with warm AIHA as the first presentation of CML. Diagnostic workup, including peripheral smear, revealed hemolysis with elevated lactate dehydrogenase and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), along with a positive Philadelphia chromosome, confirming CML. Steroid therapy successfully managed the AIHA, leading to normalization of hemoglobin levels and subsequent tapering and discontinuation of steroids.

Conclusion: While AIHA is a rare cause of anemia in CML, it should be considered during anemia evaluation, particularly in cases of CML relapse.

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温热自身免疫性溶血性贫血作为慢性髓性白血病的首发表现：1例报告。

慢性髓性白血病（CML）是一种以费城染色体和粒细胞生成失控为特征的骨髓增殖性肿瘤。虽然自身免疫性溶血性贫血（AIHA）通常与慢性淋巴细胞白血病等淋巴细胞增生性疾病相关，但其在CML中的发生却很罕见，只有少数文献记载的病例。在此，我们报告一例慢性慢性粒细胞白血病并发AIHA。病例介绍：我们提出一个34岁的女性诊断为温暖AIHA作为CML的第一个表现。诊断检查，包括外周涂片，发现溶血伴乳酸脱氢酶升高，直接抗球蛋白试验（DAT）阳性，伴费城染色体阳性，证实CML。类固醇治疗成功地控制了AIHA，导致血红蛋白水平正常化，随后逐渐减少和停用类固醇。结论：虽然AIHA是CML中罕见的贫血原因，但在贫血评估中应予以考虑，特别是在CML复发的情况下。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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