Comparative study of seed germination, phenology, and reproductive fitness in Melilotus sulcatus populations from Israel.

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Maor Matzrafi, Shaharit Ziv, Jackline Abu-Nassar, Daryl Gillett, Abraham Gamliel
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Melilotus sulcatus (Fabaceae) is an annual weed species prevalent in the Mediterranean Basin and Asia, characterized by a hard seed coat, indicating physical seed dormancy and long seed-bank longevity. This weed exhibits high phenotypic plasticity, thriving across various climatic regions in Israel. This study investigates seed germination of M. sulcatus populations under different temperatures. Moreover, we have studied the phenology, and reproductive biology of M. sulcatus populations in a common garden experiment. Seeds of M. sulcatus were collected from onion fields at Kibbutz Grofit located in the hyper-arid Southern Arava region, with ~ 30 mm average annual rainfall, and from Kibbutz Yifat, in the Jezreel Valley, where annual rainfall is 450-650 mm. Progeny generations were grown in pollen-proof cages at Newe Ya'ar Research Center also located at the Jezreel Valley.

Results: Differences in seed area and average weight were observed among populations and generations, with field populations producing heavier seeds compared to progeny populations. The optimal temperature (T0) for seed germination varied among populations, with the highest T0 recorded for the Grofit field population (23.40℃) collected at the warm site and the lowest for the Yifat field population (17.67℃) collected at the cold site, while the two progeny populations showed similar T0 values. Phenology and reproductive biology were tested using seeds of the two field populations. Despite the vigorous growth of the Grofit population, there were no significant differences in average final weight (4.59 g for Grofit and 4.23 g for Yifat) and height (51.8 cm for Grofit and 50.3 cm for Yifat) between populations. Grofit progeny plants exhibited a statistically significantly higher number of seeds per pod, combined with larger seed area and average weight.

Conclusions: Overall, our findings underscore the adaptive strategies employed by M. sulcatus populations in response to their environment. Vigorous plant growth, a higher number of seeds per pod, and larger seed area and average weight were observed in individuals from the Grofit population compared to the Yifat population. The greater fitness of Grofit population, originated from hyper-arid conditions, highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on species adaptation.

以色列雪莲种子萌发、物候和生殖适宜性的比较研究。
背景:豆科植物Melilotus sulcatus是一种生长于地中海盆地和亚洲的一年生杂草,其特点是种皮坚硬,表明种子的物理休眠和种子库寿命长。这种杂草表现出高度的表型可塑性,在以色列的各种气候区域蓬勃发展。本文研究了不同温度条件下黄颡鱼种群的种子萌发情况。此外,我们还在一个普通的园林试验中研究了M. sulcatus种群的物候学和生殖生物学。M. sulcatus的种子采集自位于极度干旱的Arava南部地区的Kibbutz Grofit的洋葱田,年平均降雨量约为30毫米,以及位于耶斯列山谷的Kibbutz Yifat,年降雨量为450-650毫米。后代在同样位于耶斯列山谷的新雅尔研究中心的防花粉笼中生长。结果:不同种群和世代之间种子面积和平均重量存在差异,田间种群比后代种群产生更重的种子。不同种群种子萌发的最适温度(T0)存在差异,格罗菲特种群在温暖地点的T0最高(23.40℃),易发特种群在寒冷地点的T0最低(17.67℃),但两个后代种群的T0值基本一致。利用两个大田种群的种子进行物候学和生殖生物学试验。尽管格罗菲特种群生长旺盛,但种群间的平均最终体重(格罗菲特4.59 g,伊法特4.23 g)和身高(格罗菲特51.8 cm,伊法特50.3 cm)差异不显著。Grofit后代植株每荚的种子数、种子面积和平均重量均显著高于其他品种。结论:总的来说,我们的研究结果强调了M. sulcatus种群对环境的适应策略。与Yifat种群相比,Grofit种群的个体植物生长旺盛,每荚种子数量较多,种子面积和平均重量较大。格罗菲特种群在极端干旱条件下具有较高的适合度,表明环境因子对物种适应的影响显著。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMC Plant Biology
BMC Plant Biology 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
539
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: BMC Plant Biology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of plant biology, including molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and whole organism research.
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