Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Symptomatic Influenza in Primary Care: A Test Negative Case Control Study Over Two Influenza Seasons 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 in Ireland

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI:10.1111/irv.70023

Louise Marron, Adele McKenna, Joan O'Donnell, Michael Joyce, Charlene Bennett, Jeff Connell, Lisa Domegan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is recommended in Ireland for all children aged 2–17 years. Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) is recommended for all others eligible for vaccination, including those ≥ 18 years with underlying medical conditions and all aged ≥ 65 years. We aimed to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against acute respiratory infection (ARI) presentations to primary care due to influenza over two influenza seasons in Ireland, to inform vaccination recommendations and communication campaigns.

Methods

We undertook a test-negative case control study within the Irish sentinel general practice surveillance network as part of the Vaccine Effectiveness Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) network. We compared influenza vaccination status among influenza PCR positive cases with influenza PCR negative controls, both with ARI presentations, of all ages. We estimated IVE using logistic regression adjusting for age, onset time, medical conditions and sex.

Results

In 2022/2023, there were 288 cases and 765 controls. In 2023/2024, there were 567 cases and 1832 controls. In 2022/2023, overall IVE was 42% (95% CI 9 to 64) and 50% (95% CI −30 to 83) in 2- to 17-year-olds. Overall IVE in 2023/2024 was 35% (95% CI 15 to 51) and 68% (95% CI 30 to 87) in 2- to 17-year-olds.

Conclusion

Influenza vaccination reduced the risk of influenza among ARI patients presenting to general practice, demonstrating the benefits of vaccination, particularly among children. Promotion of the seasonal influenza vaccine to recommended groups, should remain a public health priority. Targeted vaccination campaigns for children promoting LAIV should emphasise the effectiveness of LAIV in children.

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流感疫苗对初级保健中症状性流感的有效性：爱尔兰2022/2023和2023/2024两个流感季节的检测阴性病例对照研究

在爱尔兰，推荐所有2-17岁的儿童接种减毒流感活疫苗。建议所有其他符合接种条件的人接种四价流感疫苗（QIV），包括那些年龄≥18岁且有潜在疾病的人和年龄≥65岁的人。我们的目的是评估流感疫苗（IVE）在爱尔兰两个流感季节内预防因流感引起的急性呼吸道感染（ARI）向初级保健的有效性，为疫苗接种建议和宣传活动提供信息。作为疫苗有效性负担和影响研究（VEBIS）网络的一部分，我们在爱尔兰哨点全科医生监测网络中进行了一项检测阴性病例对照研究。我们比较了所有年龄的流感PCR阳性病例和流感PCR阴性对照的流感疫苗接种情况，两者都有ARI表现。我们使用逻辑回归对年龄、发病时间、医疗条件和性别进行校正，估计IVE。结果2022/2023年共288例，对照组765例。在2023/2024年，有567例病例和1832例对照。在2022/2023年，2- 17岁儿童的总体IVE为42% （95% CI 9 - 64）和50% （95% CI - 30 - 83）。2023/2024年，2- 17岁儿童的总体IVE为35% （95% CI 15 - 51）和68% （95% CI 30 - 87）。结论流感疫苗接种降低了ARI患者的流感风险，证明了疫苗接种的益处，特别是在儿童中。向推荐人群推广季节性流感疫苗仍应是公共卫生的优先事项。有针对性的儿童疫苗接种运动促进LAIV应强调LAIV在儿童中的有效性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.