Evidence of Potential Thermospheric Overcooling During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Alok Kumar Ranjan, Dayakrishna Nailwal, M. V. Sunil Krishna, Akash Kumar, Sumanta Sarkhel
{"title":"Evidence of Potential Thermospheric Overcooling During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm","authors":"Alok Kumar Ranjan,&nbsp;Dayakrishna Nailwal,&nbsp;M. V. Sunil Krishna,&nbsp;Akash Kumar,&nbsp;Sumanta Sarkhel","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033148","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>[During intense geomagnetic storms, the rapid and significant production of nitric oxide (NO) followed by its associated infrared radiative emission in lower thermosphere contributes crucially to the energetics of the upper atmosphere. This makes NO infrared radiative cooling a very important phenomenon which needs to be considered for accurate density forecasting in thermosphere. This study reports the investigation of variations in thermospheric density, and NO radiative cooling during the recent geomagnetic superstorm of May 2024. A very rare post-storm thermospheric density depletion of about −23% on May 12 was observed by Swarm-C in northern hemisphere in comparison to the prestorm condition on May 9. This overcooling was observed despite the continuous enhancement in solar EUV (24–36 nm) flux throughout the event. The thermospheric NO infrared radiative emission in the recovery phase of the storm is likely to be the plausible cause for this observed post-storm density depletion. Our analysis also suggests an all time high thermospheric NO radiative cooling flux up to 11.84 <span></span><math>\n <semantics>\n <mrow>\n <msup>\n <mtext>ergs/cm</mtext>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n <annotation> ${\\text{ergs/cm}}^{2}$</annotation>\n </semantics></math>/sec during May 2024 geomagnetic superstorm, which has also been compared with famous Halloween storms of October 2003].</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024JA033148","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

[During intense geomagnetic storms, the rapid and significant production of nitric oxide (NO) followed by its associated infrared radiative emission in lower thermosphere contributes crucially to the energetics of the upper atmosphere. This makes NO infrared radiative cooling a very important phenomenon which needs to be considered for accurate density forecasting in thermosphere. This study reports the investigation of variations in thermospheric density, and NO radiative cooling during the recent geomagnetic superstorm of May 2024. A very rare post-storm thermospheric density depletion of about −23% on May 12 was observed by Swarm-C in northern hemisphere in comparison to the prestorm condition on May 9. This overcooling was observed despite the continuous enhancement in solar EUV (24–36 nm) flux throughout the event. The thermospheric NO infrared radiative emission in the recovery phase of the storm is likely to be the plausible cause for this observed post-storm density depletion. Our analysis also suggests an all time high thermospheric NO radiative cooling flux up to 11.84 ergs/cm 2 ${\text{ergs/cm}}^{2}$ /sec during May 2024 geomagnetic superstorm, which has also been compared with famous Halloween storms of October 2003].

2024年5月地磁超级风暴期间潜在热层过冷的证据
[在强烈的地磁风暴期间,低层热层快速而显著的一氧化氮(NO)的产生及其相关的红外辐射发射对高层大气的能量学起着至关重要的作用。这使得NO红外辐射冷却成为热层密度准确预报需要考虑的一个重要现象。本文报道了最近一次2024年5月地磁超级风暴期间热层密度和NO辐射冷却的变化。与5月9日的风暴前情况相比,5月12日北半球的Swarm-C观测到一个非常罕见的风暴后热层密度减少了约23%。尽管在整个事件中,太阳EUV (24 - 36nm)通量持续增强,但仍观察到这种过冷现象。风暴恢复阶段的热层NO红外辐射发射可能是观测到的风暴后密度耗竭的合理原因。我们的分析还表明,在2024年5月的地磁超级风暴期间,热层NO的辐射冷却通量达到11.84 ergs/ cm2 ${\text{ergs/ cm2}}^{2}$ /秒,这也与2003年10月著名的万圣节风暴相比较。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geophysics
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
35.70%
发文量
570
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信