Application of clay minerals in lithium-sulfur batteries: A review

Abstract

The development of science and technology has led to an increased focus on lithium-sulfur batteries with high theoretical specific capacity and high energy density. However, there are still numerous challenges to overcome, including the low conductivity, volume expansion and slow reaction kinetics of sulfur cathode, the “shuttle effect” of the discharge intermediate polysulfides, and the uneven deposition and dendrites of lithium anode. These issues hinder the advancement of lithium-sulfur batteries. The treatment of the solution primarily involves the modification of cathode, separator and electrolyte. Currently, a variety of materials have been applied to these two parts and effectively improved the battery performance. Among these materials, natural clay minerals are considered as a promising option for inhibiting polysulfide formation due to their unique structure, low cost and abundant reserves. This has led to a surge in interest in their application in lithium-sulfur batteries, which is the focus of this paper. The objective is to present a comprehensive review of the current research and future prospects of natural and modified clay minerals in lithium-sulfur batteries.