Effects of two phosphonamide flame retardants derived from biomass pyridine on flame retardancy and flame-retardant mechanism of Polyamide 6

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108616

Yanyan Li , Yikang Wang , Li Cui , Lie Zhao , Youyi Tian , Jiajia Shen , Junfeng Zhang , Huawei Xu , Meifang Zhu

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Abstract

Achieving favorable flame retardancy in polyamide 6 (PA6) without compromising its mechanical performance remains a challenge, with a notable gap in understanding the influence of flame-retardant structure on PA6 properties and mechanisms. In this study, two biomass-derived phosphonamide flame retardants, P,P-diphenyl-N-(pyridin-3-yl) phosphonamide (DPDA) and P,P-Diphenoxy-N-(pyridin-3-yl) phosphonamide (DPPA), were synthesized and incorporated into PA6 to develop flame retardant composites. Results demonstrated that the PA6-9DPDA, containing a P-C bond, achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating with a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 27.9 %, while PA6-9DPPA, containing a P-O-C bond, maintained the UL-94 V-2 rating of pure PA6 but with an increased LOI of 29.4 %. DPPA exhibited a more favorable impact than DPDA on enhancing the tensile performance of PA6. Mechanisms indicated that DPDA primarily operates through vapor phase flame retardancy, whereas DPPA utilizes condensed phase flame retardancy. Overall, this study proposes a sustainable approach for fabricating PA6 composites with enhanced comprehensive performance.

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.