Tectonically deformed coal: Focus on microstructures & implications for basin evolution

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Manish Kumar Srivastava , Kaushal Kishor , Alok K. Singh , Soumyajit Mukherjee , Shivranjan Kumar Bharti
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Traditionally, the Gondwana basins of India were believed to have formed primarily through extensional tectonics that created rift basins. However, recent models propose that strike-slip movements along deep-seated crustal fractures also contributed to their development. This article investigates this theory through a comprehensive structural analysis of the Bokaro Basin, located in the Damodar Valley of eastern India. This study deciphers tectonic history and evolutionary mechanisms of the Bokaro Basin by analyzing its coal samples, especially their structures—a relatively unexplored aspect in Indian coal research. We investigate maceral types, deformation manifestations, and fracture patterns at various scales. This led us to refine the structural classification of (Indian) coals. Deformation imprints were identified using remote sensing for regional features, geological fieldwork for megascopic observations, and petrographic analysis for micro-scale studies. The study utilized ArcGIS for lithology and fault mapping in conjunction with fieldwork in the highly deformed southwestern Bokaro Basin. Petrographic analysis revealed coal macerals and deformation signs. This research confirms that the Bokaro Basin's tectonic evolution involved uneven fault distribution, with significant rift and pull-apart mechanism. Coal seams show diverse deformation patterns, from ductile in fusinite to brittle in collotelinite, indicating multiple deformation stages under varying stress regimes. The East Bokaro Basin, with deeper seams, shows stronger deformation than the West. Shear stress, alongside extension, played a role in shaping the basin, with sigmoidal tension gashes from the coals of Barakar Formation, confirming active shearing through or afterwards coalification during or/and after the Early Permian time. The structural classification aids in coal bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization, highlighting promising potential in cataclastic/tectonically deformed coal reservoirs. Tectonic deformation has affected the coals from the Bokaro Basin, resulting in structures that range from blocky to cataclastic, with some instances of granulation.
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来源期刊
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Marine and Petroleum Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
475
审稿时长
63 days
期刊介绍: Marine and Petroleum Geology is the pre-eminent international forum for the exchange of multidisciplinary concepts, interpretations and techniques for all concerned with marine and petroleum geology in industry, government and academia. Rapid bimonthly publication allows early communications of papers or short communications to the geoscience community. Marine and Petroleum Geology is essential reading for geologists, geophysicists and explorationists in industry, government and academia working in the following areas: marine geology; basin analysis and evaluation; organic geochemistry; reserve/resource estimation; seismic stratigraphy; thermal models of basic evolution; sedimentary geology; continental margins; geophysical interpretation; structural geology/tectonics; formation evaluation techniques; well logging.
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