A review on the prevention and control of flash flood hazards on a global scale: Early warning systems, vulnerability assessment, environmental, and public health burden

IF 4.2 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Ghazi Al-Rawas , Mohammad Reza Nikoo , Malik Al-Wardy
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Flash floods' frequency and intensity are increasing because of climate change and their impact on communities. This paper aimed to critically review>100 studies about the current evidence of flash floods across different global geographies, focusing on early warning systems, risk and vulnerability assessment, attributable mortality, toxic chemical exposures, and burden of diseases. Considering the infancy of flash flood studies, early warning systems have been well studied mostly in Europe (34 %), China (30 %), and South Asia (13 %). Evidence shows an increasing risk and vulnerability to flash floods. However, there are limited theoretical bases for selecting flash flood vulnerability/risk indicators and a lack of validation of the proposed indices. It was also found that flash floods not only cause increased death among developing countries but are also associated with the incidence of water-borne (e.g., Cholera) and vector-borne (e.g., malaria) diseases. There is evidence of a release of non-threshold toxic chemical contaminants into the environment during flash floods. The study also revealed the release of high-concentration levels of antibiotics in water bodies during flash flood events. Therefore, quantitative health risk assessment and epidemiological studies recommended to understand better the long-term health outcomes associated with these exposures. We recommend that future studies consider applying evidence-based variables and high-resolution data to develop early warning systems, especially in developing countries. Incorporating technologically based early warning systems can enhance lead times and issue reliable alerts and communications while reducing the number of deaths, diseases, and chemical contaminations in flood-prone areas.
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来源期刊
International journal of disaster risk reduction
International journal of disaster risk reduction GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARYMETEOROLOGY-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
18.00%
发文量
688
审稿时长
79 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction (IJDRR) is the journal for researchers, policymakers and practitioners across diverse disciplines: earth sciences and their implications; environmental sciences; engineering; urban studies; geography; and the social sciences. IJDRR publishes fundamental and applied research, critical reviews, policy papers and case studies with a particular focus on multi-disciplinary research that aims to reduce the impact of natural, technological, social and intentional disasters. IJDRR stimulates exchange of ideas and knowledge transfer on disaster research, mitigation, adaptation, prevention and risk reduction at all geographical scales: local, national and international. Key topics:- -multifaceted disaster and cascading disasters -the development of disaster risk reduction strategies and techniques -discussion and development of effective warning and educational systems for risk management at all levels -disasters associated with climate change -vulnerability analysis and vulnerability trends -emerging risks -resilience against disasters. The journal particularly encourages papers that approach risk from a multi-disciplinary perspective.
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