Source specific fine particles and rates of asthma and COPD healthcare encounters pre- and post-implementation of the Tier 3 vehicle emissions control regulations

IF 12.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Shao Lin , Yukang Xue , Sathvik Thandra , Quan Qi , Sally W. Thurston , Daniel P. Croft , Mark J. Utell , Philip K. Hopke , David Q. Rich
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We examined associations between seven source-specific PM2.5 concentrations and rates of asthma and COPD hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in New York State and compared the changes in excess rates (ERs) between pre- (2014–2016) and post-implementation (2017–2019) of the Tier 3 automobile emission controls on new vehicles policy. A modified time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression were employed to estimate the ERs of asthma and COPD hospitalizations and ED visits associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in source-specific PM2.5 concentrations. The 7 PM2.5 sources were spark-ignition emissions (GAS), diesel (DIE), biomass burning (BB), road dust (RD), secondary nitrate (SN), secondary sulfate (SS), and pyrolyzed organic rich (OP). Residual PM2.5 (PM2.5 – specific source [e.g., GAS]), daily temperature, relative humidity, weekday, and holidays were included in the model. IQR increases in GAS, SS, RD, BB, and SN were associated with increased ERs of asthma ED visits (highest ERs: 0.5 %−3.1 %), while a negative association was observed with DIE and OP. The rate of asthma hospitalizations was associated with increased RD concentrations (ERs: 1.3 %−1.7 %). Both COPD ED visit and hospitalization rates were associated with increased OP (ERs: 2.1 %−3.4 %), and increased SS was positively associated with COPD ED visits (ER = 3.8 %). In summary, after Tier 3 implementation (2017–2019), we found lower ERs for COPD admissions associated with BB, RD, SN, and SS compared to 2014–2016. However, rates of asthma ED visits associated with source-specific PM2.5 concentrations were generally higher for all sources, except DIE, post- versus pre-implementation, requiring further research for validation.

Abstract Image

来源特定的细颗粒物和哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病医疗保健遭遇的比率在实施Tier 3车辆排放控制法规之前和之后
我们研究了纽约州七种特定源PM2.5浓度与哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病住院率和急诊室(ED)就诊率之间的关系,并比较了新车三级汽车排放控制政策实施前(2014-2016年)和实施后(2017-2019年)超额率(er)的变化。采用改进的时间分层病例交叉设计和条件logistic回归来估计哮喘和COPD住院和ED就诊的er与源特异性PM2.5浓度四分位数范围(IQR)增加的关系。PM2.5的7个来源分别是火花点火排放(GAS)、柴油(DIE)、生物质燃烧(BB)、道路粉尘(RD)、二次硝酸盐(SN)、二次硫酸盐(SS)和热解富有机质(OP)。残余PM2.5 (PM2.5特定源[如:GAS])、日温度、相对湿度、工作日和节假日均纳入模型。GAS、SS、RD、BB和SN的IQR增加与哮喘ED就诊的er增加相关(最高er: 0.5%-3.1%),而与DIE和op呈负相关。哮喘住院率与RD浓度增加相关(er: 1.3%-1.7%)。COPD急诊科就诊率和住院率均与OP增加相关(ER: 2.1% ~ 3.4%), SS增加与COPD急诊科就诊率呈正相关(ER = 3.8%)。综上所述,在Tier 3实施后(2017-2019),我们发现与2014-2016年相比,BB、RD、SN和SS相关的COPD住院患者的er较低。然而,实施后与实施前相比,除死亡外,所有来源的哮喘ED就诊率与特定来源的PM2.5浓度相关,总体上更高,这需要进一步的研究来验证。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Journal of Hazardous Materials 工程技术-工程:环境
CiteScore
25.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
3059
审稿时长
58 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Hazardous Materials serves as a global platform for promoting cutting-edge research in the field of Environmental Science and Engineering. Our publication features a wide range of articles, including full-length research papers, review articles, and perspectives, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the dangers and risks associated with various materials concerning public health and the environment. It is important to note that the term "environmental contaminants" refers specifically to substances that pose hazardous effects through contamination, while excluding those that do not have such impacts on the environment or human health. Moreover, we emphasize the distinction between wastes and hazardous materials in order to provide further clarity on the scope of the journal. We have a keen interest in exploring specific compounds and microbial agents that have adverse effects on the environment.
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