Impacts of tillage and liming on crop yields and soil acidity correction: Insights from a 32-year experiment in Southern Brazil

IF 3.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Lucas A. Alves, Sandra M. V. Fontoura, Vítor G. Ambrosini, Gustavo Pesini, João Pedro M. Flores, Cimélio Bayer, Tales Tiecher
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Abstract

Background and Aims

Soil acidity and tillage methods negatively affect crop yields in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term (32-year) impact of different soil tillage and liming strategies on crop yields, yield stability, and the residual effects on soil acidity properties of a subtropical Oxisol.

Methods

The experiment, established in 1987, included the following management combinations: (i) conventional tillage (CT) without lime, (ii) CT with incorporated lime, (iii) no-tillage (NT) without lime, (iv) NT with surface lime, and (v) NT with incorporated lime. Five lime applications were performed throughout the experimental period. Regional recommended fertilization and crop rotations were maintained, with yields monitored over 32 years for 55 harvests (24 soybean, 8 maize, 9 wheat, 8 barley, and 6 white oat crops). Soil samples were collected in 2019 between 0 to 40 cm depth.

Results

The highest yields for all crops were obtained in the treatments under NT and lime application. Additionally, the highest yield stability was observed in the liming treatments for soybean, maize, wheat, barley, and white oat crops. The stability index that showed the best fit was the adjusted coefficient of variation (aCV), as it eliminates the potential dependence of the standard coefficient of variation (CV) on the mean. Surface lime in no-till soil increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca2⁺ and Mg2⁺, saturation of Ca2⁺ + Mg2⁺ + K⁺, and decreased of that of Al3⁺ and exchangeable Al3⁺ compared to treatments without lime until 40 cm depth.

Conclusion

In soil with liming before NT beginning, surface lime reapplications effectively sustain optimal soil acidity in surface layers up to 10 cm and subsurface layers up to 40 cm, thereby maintaining high and stable crop yields over extended periods under NT in subtropical Oxisols.

耕作和石灰对作物产量和土壤酸度校正的影响:来自巴西南部32年试验的见解
背景与目的在热带和亚热带生态系统中,土壤酸度和耕作方式对作物产量产生负面影响。本研究的目的是评估不同土壤耕作和石灰策略对亚热带土壤作物产量、产量稳定性和土壤酸度特性的长期(32年)影响。方法1987年建立的试验,包括以下管理组合:(i)常规免耕(CT), (ii)免耕配石灰,(iii)免耕(NT)免耕,(iv)免耕配表面石灰,(v)免耕配石灰。在整个试验期间进行了5次石灰施用。维持了区域推荐施肥和作物轮作,在32年期间监测了55次收获(24次大豆、8次玉米、9次小麦、8次大麦和6次白燕麦)的产量。2019年在0至40厘米深度之间收集了土壤样本。结果氮肥和石灰处理的产量最高。此外,大豆、玉米、小麦、大麦和白燕麦等作物的产量稳定性最高。稳定性指标显示最佳的拟合是调整变异系数(aCV),因为它消除了标准变异系数(CV)对平均值的潜在依赖。免耕土壤表面石灰增加了土壤pH、交换性Ca2 +和Mg2 +, Ca2 + + Mg2 + K +的饱和度增加,Al3 +和交换性Al3 +的饱和度降低,直到40 cm深度。结论在NT开始前施用石灰的土壤中,表面石灰的再施用有效地维持了10 cm以下表层和40 cm以下亚表层土壤的最佳酸度,从而在NT下亚热带土壤中长期保持作物高产和稳定。
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来源期刊
Plant and Soil
Plant and Soil 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
8.20%
发文量
543
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Plant and Soil publishes original papers and review articles exploring the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and that enhance our mechanistic understanding of plant-soil interactions. We focus on the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and seek those manuscripts with a strong mechanistic component which develop and test hypotheses aimed at understanding underlying mechanisms of plant-soil interactions. Manuscripts can include both fundamental and applied aspects of mineral nutrition, plant water relations, symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, root anatomy and morphology, soil biology, ecology, agrochemistry and agrophysics, as long as they are hypothesis-driven and enhance our mechanistic understanding. Articles including a major molecular or modelling component also fall within the scope of the journal. All contributions appear in the English language, with consistent spelling, using either American or British English.
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