NOMA as the Next-Generation Multiple Access in Nonterrestrial Networks

IF 23.2 1区 计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki;Mohamed-Slim Alouini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nonterrestrial networks (NTN) are pivotal, enabling technologies for achieving global and ubiquitous connectivity in the sixth generation (6G) of wireless systems. On the other hand, nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) emerges as a promising candidate for the next-generation multiple access (NGMA), designed to enable massive connectivity and improve spectral efficiency. In this article, we investigate the synergy between NTN and NOMA [power-domain NOMA (PD-NOMA)], which are integral in addressing the connectivity challenges of 6G. First, we present an overview of NTN, detailing their types, unique characteristics, and the challenges they face. Then, we explain the foundational principles of NOMA, such as power allocation and access strategies. We, then, argue the suitability of NOMA as an NGMA technology for 6G and how it addresses the specific challenges associated with NTN. Furthermore, we explore the integration and the interplay of NTN and NOMA with emerging technologies such as millimeter-wave (mmWave), terahertz (THz) frequencies, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. These advancements are critical in meeting the 6G requirements for extremely high data rates and improved spectral efficiency, enhancing the overall functionality of NTN and NOMA. We, then, examine how NTN using NOMA can use different architectural frameworks, including cellular, cell-free (CF), ad hoc, and integrated access and backhaul (IAB) systems, and detailed several use cases where the integration of NTN and NOMA could have a significant impact, such as in vehicular communications, the Internet of Things (IoT), urban air mobility (UAM), and achieving global connectivity. To optimize NTN using NOMA, we present a comprehensive overview of the mathematical optimization algorithms and machine learning tools. Finally, we elaborate on the primary challenges associated with merging NTN with NOMA and propose relevant future research avenues.
新一代非地面网络多址接入技术
非地面网络(NTN)是实现第六代(6G)无线系统全球无处不在连接的关键技术。另一方面,非正交多址(NOMA)成为下一代多址(NGMA)的一个有希望的候选者,旨在实现大规模连接并提高频谱效率。在本文中,我们研究了NTN和NOMA[功率域NOMA (PD-NOMA)]之间的协同作用,这是解决6G连接挑战所不可或缺的。首先,我们对NTN进行了概述,详细介绍了它们的类型、独特特征以及它们面临的挑战。然后,我们解释了NOMA的基本原理,如功率分配和接入策略。然后,我们讨论了NOMA作为6G NGMA技术的适用性,以及它如何解决与NTN相关的具体挑战。此外,我们还探讨了NTN和NOMA与新兴技术(如毫米波(mmWave)、太赫兹(THz)频率、可重构智能表面(RISs)和集成传感和通信(ISAC)系统)的集成和相互作用。这些进步对于满足6G对极高数据速率和提高频谱效率的要求,增强NTN和NOMA的整体功能至关重要。然后,我们研究了使用NOMA的NTN如何使用不同的架构框架,包括蜂窝、无蜂窝(CF)、自组织和集成接入和回程(IAB)系统,并详细介绍了NTN和NOMA的集成可能产生重大影响的几个用例,例如车辆通信、物联网(IoT)、城市空中交通(UAM)和实现全球连接。为了使用NOMA优化NTN,我们提出了数学优化算法和机器学习工具的全面概述。最后,我们详细阐述了NTN与NOMA合并所面临的主要挑战,并提出了相关的未来研究途径。
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来源期刊
Proceedings of the IEEE
Proceedings of the IEEE 工程技术-工程:电子与电气
CiteScore
46.40
自引率
1.00%
发文量
160
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Proceedings of the IEEE is the leading journal to provide in-depth review, survey, and tutorial coverage of the technical developments in electronics, electrical and computer engineering, and computer science. Consistently ranked as one of the top journals by Impact Factor, Article Influence Score and more, the journal serves as a trusted resource for engineers around the world.
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