Efficient extraction and separation of valuable elements from spent lithium-ion batteries by leaching and solvent extraction: A review

Abstract

With the rising demand and production of lithium-ion batteries, their recycling is gaining increased priority. Since the cathode active material of lithium-ion batteries are rich in valuable metals, recycling spent lithium-ion batteries are of great significance for abating resource scarcity and environmental pollution. In this review, the hydrometallurgical recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries are briefly described. And the solvent extraction process of valuable metals from the leached solution of lithium-ion batteries is summarized in terms of the type of extractant, extraction efficiency, separation coefficient and mechanism for recovery of the valuable metals of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn. The current development, as well as challenges and future prospects in this area are discussed to provide theoretical foundations and research directions.