Study on two-stage optimal scheduling of DC distribution networks considering flexible load response

Abstract

Due to the aim of developing sustainable energy systems, promoting the large-scale accommodation of distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs) and flexible loads in DC distribution networks (DCDNs) is significant. The uncertainty of DRESs and the insufficient use of flexible loads pose a considerable challenge to the economical and safe operation of DCDNs. To address the challenge, this paper puts forward a two-stage optimal scheduling model for the DCDNs considering flexible load response. The proposed model realises joint economic optimisation and reactive power optimisation, which is solved by the hybrid NSGAII-MOPSO algorithm and the CPLEX. The performance of the proposed model in the modified Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 33-node system with the DCDNs is validated under different scenarios. The hybrid NSGAII-MOPSO performs better in obtaining the Pareto front than the NSGA-II and MOPSO individually. Compared to the traditional scheduling model, the proposed model can realise the power coordination of the flexible loads and energy storage systems to reduce the negative impact of uncertainty of DRESs while decreasing operating costs and carbon emissions by 3.94% and 36.4%. In addition, the proposed model can alleviate the network losses and ensure the node voltage for the DCDNs. Hence, the efficiency of the proposed model has been confirmed.