Solvent-free mechanochemistry induced one-pot scalable fabrication of phosphorus wrapped keratin and its application as a synergistic flame retardant in epoxy resin

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108622

Kaiwen Deng , Aozhe Zhang , Xiaming Feng , Hongyu Yang , Chaojun Wan , Cheng Yan

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Abstract

Here we synthesized a biomass phosphorus-wrapped wool keratin flame retardant using a one-pot sustainable ball milling method. While many bio-based flame retardants have been developed, most involve organic solvents and complex modification processes. Our study focuses on a solvent-free approach to develop an effective flame retardant through the covalently phosphating modification of keratin recycled from waste wool. With 5 wt% addition, the epoxy resin composites achieved V-0 rating, showing a 46.7% reduction in total heat release and a 23.8% reduction in total smoke production. The flame retardant effectively quenches free radicals in the gas phase and catalyzes char formation in the condensed phase through a synergistic phosphorus-nitrogen effect. This study underscores the significant potential of recycling biomass waste wool keratin for flame retardant applications via a solvent-free and one-pot high-energy ball milling method, offering valuable insights for green chemistry and sustainable low-carbon development.

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无溶剂机械化学诱导单锅可伸缩制备磷包覆角蛋白及其在环氧树脂中的协同阻燃应用

本文采用一锅可持续球磨法合成了生物质磷包覆羊毛角蛋白阻燃剂。虽然已经开发出许多生物基阻燃剂，但大多数都涉及有机溶剂和复杂的改性过程。我们的研究重点是通过对废羊毛中回收的角蛋白进行共价磷化改性，开发一种无溶剂的有效阻燃剂。当添加量为5 wt%时，环氧树脂复合材料达到V-0等级，总放热量减少46.7%，总烟雾量减少23.8%。该阻燃剂通过磷氮协同作用，有效地淬灭气相中自由基，催化凝聚相中炭的形成。这项研究强调了通过无溶剂和一锅高能球磨方法回收生物质废羊毛角蛋白用于阻燃应用的巨大潜力，为绿色化学和可持续低碳发展提供了有价值的见解。

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.