Solvent-free mechanochemistry induced one-pot scalable fabrication of phosphorus wrapped keratin and its application as a synergistic flame retardant in epoxy resin

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108622

Kaiwen Deng , Aozhe Zhang , Xiaming Feng , Hongyu Yang , Chaojun Wan , Cheng Yan

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Abstract

Here we synthesized a biomass phosphorus-wrapped wool keratin flame retardant using a one-pot sustainable ball milling method. While many bio-based flame retardants have been developed, most involve organic solvents and complex modification processes. Our study focuses on a solvent-free approach to develop an effective flame retardant through the covalently phosphating modification of keratin recycled from waste wool. With 5 wt% addition, the epoxy resin composites achieved V-0 rating, showing a 46.7% reduction in total heat release and a 23.8% reduction in total smoke production. The flame retardant effectively quenches free radicals in the gas phase and catalyzes char formation in the condensed phase through a synergistic phosphorus-nitrogen effect. This study underscores the significant potential of recycling biomass waste wool keratin for flame retardant applications via a solvent-free and one-pot high-energy ball milling method, offering valuable insights for green chemistry and sustainable low-carbon development.

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.