Autofocusing method for active Hadamard single-pixel microscopy using gradient descent algorithms

IF 3.5 2区 工程技术 Q2 OPTICS
Heberley Tobón-Maya , Samuel I. Zapata-Valencia , Lindsey Willstatter , Stefano Bonora , Andrea Farina , Jesús Lancis , Enrique Tajahuerce
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In active single-pixel microscopy (SPM) the final image quality is mainly determined by the correct focusing of a set of structured light patterns over the sample under study. The correct pattern checking represents a recurrent time-consuming task. In this work a fast, reconstruction-less autofocusing correction method for Hadamard-based reflective SPM is presented. The defocus phenomenon in SPM is physically described, and numerically and experimentally evaluated. A focus tunable lens is employed to introduce a controllable phase and correct the defocusing aberration. The value of the focal length correction is evaluated by analyzing a reduced region of interest within the Hadamard frequency space which ensures fast and reconstructionless operation for the autofocus routine. The sum of the absolute value of the measured sampled frequencies reaches its maximum value when the defocus is fully corrected. The inverse of the calculated sum is minimized using the gradient descent algorithm within an average of 9 experimental iterations to reach the optimal phase value. The performance of the method is tested experimentally with a resolution test chart placed along the focusing axis.
基于梯度下降算法的有源Hadamard单像素显微镜自动聚焦方法
在主动单像素显微镜(SPM)中,最终的图像质量主要取决于一组结构光模式在被研究样品上的正确聚焦。正确的模式检查是一项重复的耗时任务。本文提出了一种基于hadamard反射式SPM的快速、无重构自动聚焦校正方法。对SPM中的散焦现象进行了物理描述,并进行了数值和实验评价。采用调焦透镜引入可控相位,校正离焦像差。焦距校正的值是通过分析阿达玛尔频率空间内减少的感兴趣区域来评估的,这确保了自动对焦程序的快速和无重构操作。当离焦完全校正后,测量到的采样频率的绝对值之和达到最大值。在平均9次实验迭代中,使用梯度下降算法最小化计算和的逆,以达到最优相位值。通过实验测试了该方法的性能,并沿聚焦轴放置了分辨率测试图。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Optics and Lasers in Engineering
Optics and Lasers in Engineering 工程技术-光学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
384
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Optics and Lasers in Engineering aims at providing an international forum for the interchange of information on the development of optical techniques and laser technology in engineering. Emphasis is placed on contributions targeted at the practical use of methods and devices, the development and enhancement of solutions and new theoretical concepts for experimental methods. Optics and Lasers in Engineering reflects the main areas in which optical methods are being used and developed for an engineering environment. Manuscripts should offer clear evidence of novelty and significance. Papers focusing on parameter optimization or computational issues are not suitable. Similarly, papers focussed on an application rather than the optical method fall outside the journal''s scope. The scope of the journal is defined to include the following: -Optical Metrology- Optical Methods for 3D visualization and virtual engineering- Optical Techniques for Microsystems- Imaging, Microscopy and Adaptive Optics- Computational Imaging- Laser methods in manufacturing- Integrated optical and photonic sensors- Optics and Photonics in Life Science- Hyperspectral and spectroscopic methods- Infrared and Terahertz techniques
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