Elucidating effects of form factors on thermal and aging behavior of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109564

Subham Khange, Ashwini Kumar Sharma

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Abstract

Cylindrical lithium-ion cells are commercially available in different form factors, e.g., 18650, 21700, 26650, 32700 and 4680. The larger 4680 cells are gaining popularity, especially after the patent filing by Tesla. This paper aims to perform a comparative analysis of the thermal and aging behavior of different form factors using NMC–graphite chemistry during prolonged cycling at moderate operating conditions. A physics-based aging model for lithium-ion batteries is introduced, incorporating side reactions such as solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation, SEI reformation due to graphite layer cracking, and lithium plating. During cycling, the cell temperature increases with time for all form factors due to internal heat generation. Notably, larger form factor cells experience higher temperatures, attributed to their inferior surface-to-volume ratio for heat dissipation, thereby accelerating both SEI formation and triggering lithium plating in subsequent cycles. This accelerated aging manifests in increased heat generation and prolonged charging for larger cells. The 4680 cell showed the highest rate of capacity loss with a 20% reduction over 480 cycles as compared to the 600 cycles of the 18650 cell. Highlighting accelerated aging in the larger cells due to suboptimal heat dissipation, this study underscores the pressing need for advanced thermal management strategies tailored to the unique challenges posed by larger cells.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Thermal Sciences 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

531

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Thermal Sciences is a journal devoted to the publication of fundamental studies on the physics of transfer processes in general, with an emphasis on thermal aspects and also applied research on various processes, energy systems and the environment. Articles are published in English and French, and are subject to peer review. The fundamental subjects considered within the scope of the journal are: * Heat and relevant mass transfer at all scales (nano, micro and macro) and in all types of material (heterogeneous, composites, biological,...) and fluid flow * Forced, natural or mixed convection in reactive or non-reactive media * Single or multi–phase fluid flow with or without phase change * Near–and far–field radiative heat transfer * Combined modes of heat transfer in complex systems (for example, plasmas, biological, geological,...) * Multiscale modelling The applied research topics include: * Heat exchangers, heat pipes, cooling processes * Transport phenomena taking place in industrial processes (chemical, food and agricultural, metallurgical, space and aeronautical, automobile industries) * Nano–and micro–technology for energy, space, biosystems and devices * Heat transport analysis in advanced systems * Impact of energy–related processes on environment, and emerging energy systems The study of thermophysical properties of materials and fluids, thermal measurement techniques, inverse methods, and the developments of experimental methods are within the scope of the International Journal of Thermal Sciences which also covers the modelling, and numerical methods applied to thermal transfer.