Testing the distinction between sadism and psychopathy: A metanalysis

IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Bruno Bonfá-Araujo , Gisele Magarotto Machado , Ariela Raissa Lima-Costa , Fernanda Otoni , Mahnoor Nadeem , Peter K. Jonason
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Abstract

The relationships among the Dark Triad (DT) traits—Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy—are well-established in psychological literature. However, with the inclusion of everyday sadism in the proposed Dark Tetrad, it is important to determine whether sadism adds significant explanatory power beyond psychopathy, especially given its high correlation. In this study, we examined whether sadism contributed unique variance over psychopathy in studies where both traits were assessed. A review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect yielded 185 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, comprising 104,452 participants. We analyzed sample characteristics, including type, size, gender distribution, age, and key correlates such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, the Big Five, and Honesty-Humility. Our results indicate a substantial overlap between sadism and psychopathy, with both traits being strongly related to the other DT traits and showing no correlation with Openness. These findings highlight the need for future research to account for this overlap when interpreting the relationships between sadism, psychopathy, and related psychological constructs.
检验施虐狂和精神病之间的区别:一项元分析
黑暗三位一体(DT)特征——马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病——之间的关系在心理学文献中得到了证实。然而,随着日常虐待狂被纳入拟议的黑暗四分之一,确定虐待狂是否在精神病之外增加了显著的解释力是很重要的,特别是考虑到它的高相关性。在这项研究中,我们研究了虐待狂是否在评估两种特征的研究中对精神病有独特的贡献。PubMed、b谷歌Scholar和ScienceDirect的综述得出185项研究符合我们的纳入标准,包括104,452名参与者。我们分析了样本特征,包括类型、大小、性别分布、年龄,以及关键的相关因素,如自恋、马基雅维利主义、大五人格和诚实谦卑。我们的研究结果表明,虐待狂和精神病之间有很大的重叠,这两种特征都与其他DT特征密切相关,而与开放性没有相关性。这些发现强调了未来的研究需要在解释虐待狂、精神病和相关心理构念之间的关系时解释这种重叠。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
4.70%
发文量
577
审稿时长
41 days
期刊介绍: Personality and Individual Differences is devoted to the publication of articles (experimental, theoretical, review) which aim to integrate as far as possible the major factors of personality with empirical paradigms from experimental, physiological, animal, clinical, educational, criminological or industrial psychology or to seek an explanation for the causes and major determinants of individual differences in concepts derived from these disciplines. The editors are concerned with both genetic and environmental causes, and they are particularly interested in possible interaction effects.
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