Design and analysis of two-stage bidirectional power converter for vehicle-to-grid technology with fuel cell-battery electric vehicle

Abstract

This paper presents the design and analysis of an isolated bidirectional two-stage power converter for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology with a fuel cell (FC) battery electric vehicle (FCBEV). In the first stage, the primary side employs a quadratic boost converter to achieve higher voltage levels, while the secondary side uses a voltage balancer circuit to equalize the DC subgrid terminal voltages. In the second stage, a T-type inverter is used for grid connection, effectively minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD). An Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based maximum power point tracking technique combined with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used to extract the maximum energy from the FC under changing temperature and pressure conditions in the system. The performance of the proposed converter has been evaluated and validated through simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed converter is satisfactory under varying operating conditions. The grid current THD is maintained below 2.35 % in accordance with IEEE 519 standards. The proposed converter and control strategy facilitate the integration of EVs with renewable energy sources and bipolar hybrid AC/DC microgrids.