Fabrication and characterization of inkjet-printed interdigitated electrodes for non-faradaic electrochemical detection of uromodulin in urine

IF 5.4 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100715

Kunj Vora , Norbert Kordas , Karsten Seidl

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Abstract

This work describes the simulation, design, and fabrication of an inkjet-printed impedance biosensor for uromodulin which is a urine biomarker for kidney disease. The interdigitated electrodes (IDE) were fabricated through inkjet printing of silver ink on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and subsequently passivated with SU-8 for non-faradaic measurements. We functionalized the passivated IDE with biotin-streptavidin complex and uromodulin antibody to detect uromodulin (6.75 μg/ml-100 μg/ml). The measured impedance due to uromodulin immobilized from artificial urine samples showed a 27.4 % change in impedance magnitude per μg/ml of uromodulin at 150 Hz (log scale). The limit of detection achieved is 25 ng/ml. The sensor demonstrated specificity to uromodulin when measured against albumin, which is another protein biomarker present in the urine. These results highlight the possibility of implementing non-faradaic impedance measurements using a passivated IDE as the sensor element. It also promotes the sensor fabrication method of inkjet printing. The sensor concept shows the implementation potential of IDE as a single-use-sensor for point-of-care applications.

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非法拉第电化学检测尿调素的喷墨印刷交叉电极的制备与表征

这项工作描述了一种用于尿调素的喷墨打印阻抗生物传感器的模拟、设计和制造，尿调素是肾脏疾病的尿液生物标志物。通过在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）衬底上喷墨打印银墨水制备了交叉指状电极（IDE），随后用SU-8钝化，用于非法拉第测量。用生物素-链亲和素复合物和尿调素抗体对经钝化的IDE进行功能化，检测尿调素（6.75 μg/ml ~ 100 μg/ml）。在150 Hz（对数标度）下，尿调素固定后的阻抗值每μg/ml变化27.4%。检出限为25 ng/ml。当与白蛋白（尿液中存在的另一种蛋白质生物标志物）进行测量时，该传感器显示出对尿调蛋白的特异性。这些结果强调了使用钝化IDE作为传感器元件实现非法拉第阻抗测量的可能性。同时也促进了喷墨打印传感器制造方法的发展。传感器概念显示了IDE作为一次性传感器在护理点应用中的实现潜力。

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来源期刊

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research Engineering-Electrical and Electronic Engineering

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

审稿时长

87 days

期刊介绍： Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research is an open access journal dedicated to the research, design, development, and application of bio-sensing and sensing technologies. The editors will accept research papers, reviews, field trials, and validation studies that are of significant relevance. These submissions should describe new concepts, enhance understanding of the field, or offer insights into the practical application, manufacturing, and commercialization of bio-sensing and sensing technologies. The journal covers a wide range of topics, including sensing principles and mechanisms, new materials development for transducers and recognition components, fabrication technology, and various types of sensors such as optical, electrochemical, mass-sensitive, gas, biosensors, and more. It also includes environmental, process control, and biomedical applications, signal processing, chemometrics, optoelectronic, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic sensors, as well as interface electronics. Additionally, it covers sensor systems and applications, µTAS (Micro Total Analysis Systems), development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals, and analytical devices incorporating biological materials.