Geographical factors and air raid alarms influence leptospirosis epidemiology in Ukraine (2018–2023)

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

One Health Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100944

Pavlo Petakh , Wolfgang Huber , Oleksandr Kamyshnyi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira spp., affects approximately 1 million people annually and causes about 58,000 deaths worldwide. This study examines the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Ukraine from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the impact of weather and geographical factors on disease transmission. Data from the Ukrainian Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center, and the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine were analyzed. The country was divided into five regions: North, East, Center, South, and West. For the visualization, but not the quantitative analyses, the notification rate (NR) of leptospirosis was classified into three categories: low, moderate, and high.

The highest NR were in Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytskyi, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions, with Zakarpattia having the highest rate. We analyzed whether various weather parameters—such as average annual temperature, precipitation, days with precipitation ≥1 mm, and relative humidity—were associated with the notification rate (NR) of leptospirosis, but no significant correlations were detected.

However, a significant positive correlation was observed between higher density of the river network and NR (Kendall's rank correlation, r = 0.65, p = 0.0005), indicating that geographical factors may play an important role in Leptospira transmission. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between monthly air raid alarm frequency and the NR of leptospirosis cases in 2023. Case reports of individuals contracting leptospirosis in bomb shelters further support the hypothesis that air raid evacuations impact leptospirosis epidemiology. Further investigation is needed to fully understand this relationship and its implications.

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来源期刊

One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

18 weeks

期刊介绍： One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.