A review on modeling methods and key parameters control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell based on numerical comparison

Abstract

Although numerous studies have investigated semi-mechanistic and semi-empirical modeling methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) engine systems, the advantages and disadvantages of these modeling methods have rarely been analyzed and summarized. As a result, it is difficult to identify the most suitable models under different conditions. Moreover, there are opportunities to further develop research on controlling the three most critical parameters of the PEMFC engine system-the oxygen excess ratio (OER), stack temperature, and humidity. Thus, a review is presented to develop systematic guidelines for semi-mechanistic and semi-empirical modeling methods and key parameter control studies related to PEMFC engine systems. This paper summarizes all the authoritative modeling methods for the air compressor used in the PEMFC engine system with output power from 60 to 175 kW, and cathode humidifier in the air supply subsystem, ejector and circulation pump in the hydrogen supply subsystem, flow fluid and voltages in the fuel cell stack subsystem, and water pump and radiator in the thermal management subsystem using scientific equations. The advantages and disadvantages of each modeling method are then discussed through numerical comparisons or authoritative opinions. Subsequently, based on the modeling methods, the development and prospects of key parameter control studies for the PEMFC engine system are proposed based on advanced research in recent years. This paper not only makes it more convenient to identify appropriate modeling methods based on different modeling demands, but also highlights development directions for key parameters control research in the future.