Review of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic energy policies for sustainable development

Abstract

The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao P.D.R) gets more than 70 % of its energy from conventional sources, which emphasizes the urgent need to switch to renewable energy. This study looks at the supply and demand scenario for energy in the Lao P.D.R. The need to reduce carbon emissions and enhance energy security in a country where over 60 % of the population lacks consistent access to electricity motivates this study. It is predicted that Laos can significantly enhance its energy sustainability by 2030 by implementing a diverse energy mix that includes at least 30 % renewable sources. A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the viability of different renewable technologies, including hydropower, solar electricity, and biomass, through the analysis of current energy policy, stakeholder interviews, and modeling scenarios. Findings indicate that switching to renewable energy could cut carbon emissions by up to 40 % and increase electrification rates by 80 % by 2030, provided that significant obstacles such as funding and technical capability are overcome. A coordinated effort among government, corporate sectors, and local communities is essential to addressing existing impediments, ultimately paving the way for a sustainable and resilient energy future in Laos.