Nonlinear relationships between canopy structure and cooling effects in urban forests: Insights from 3D structural diversity at the single tree and community scales

IF 10.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Jia Jia , Lei Wang , Yunlong Yao , Zhongwei Jing , Yalin Zhai , Zhibin Ren , Xingyuan He , Ruonan Li , Xinyu Zhang , Yuanyuan Chen , Zhiwei Ye
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Three-dimensional structural diversity (3SD) directly influences the distribution and flow of heat within the canopy. However, the nonlinear effects of 3SD of different species on the cooling effects remain unclear. Here, we proposed an analytical framework to explore this relationship at the single tree and community scales. Results indicated that: (1) A benchmark dataset for individual tree segmentation was established, with the best-performing algorithm achieving an accuracy of 77.36% (F-score=0.75), the UAV-based LiDAR, multispectral and thermal infrared imagery using a data fusion approach achieved a better species classification accuracy of 80.41% (kappa=0.78); (2) At the single tree scale, the cooling effects are controlled by vertical structure, heterogeneity, and leaf density (15.36%<rel.inf<26.84%). Entropy, VAI, and Hmax exhibited the largest seasonal relative importance change rates (7%<|Δrel.inf|<11%); (3) At the community scale (10m × 10m), VAI contributed the most to coniferous cooling in summer, while Hmax had the greatest impact on broadleaf cooling in winter. Species’ spatial connectivity had a significantly greater impact on the cooling effects in broadleaf in summer and coniferous in winter compared to structural diversity. This study supports optimizing urban forestry by demonstrating UAV-based data fusion for species classification and highlighting structural diversity's role in regulating temperature across scales and seasons.
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来源期刊
Sustainable Cities and Society
Sustainable Cities and Society Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
22.00
自引率
13.70%
发文量
810
审稿时长
27 days
期刊介绍: Sustainable Cities and Society (SCS) is an international journal that focuses on fundamental and applied research to promote environmentally sustainable and socially resilient cities. The journal welcomes cross-cutting, multi-disciplinary research in various areas, including: 1. Smart cities and resilient environments; 2. Alternative/clean energy sources, energy distribution, distributed energy generation, and energy demand reduction/management; 3. Monitoring and improving air quality in built environment and cities (e.g., healthy built environment and air quality management); 4. Energy efficient, low/zero carbon, and green buildings/communities; 5. Climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban environments; 6. Green infrastructure and BMPs; 7. Environmental Footprint accounting and management; 8. Urban agriculture and forestry; 9. ICT, smart grid and intelligent infrastructure; 10. Urban design/planning, regulations, legislation, certification, economics, and policy; 11. Social aspects, impacts and resiliency of cities; 12. Behavior monitoring, analysis and change within urban communities; 13. Health monitoring and improvement; 14. Nexus issues related to sustainable cities and societies; 15. Smart city governance; 16. Decision Support Systems for trade-off and uncertainty analysis for improved management of cities and society; 17. Big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence applications and case studies; 18. Critical infrastructure protection, including security, privacy, forensics, and reliability issues of cyber-physical systems. 19. Water footprint reduction and urban water distribution, harvesting, treatment, reuse and management; 20. Waste reduction and recycling; 21. Wastewater collection, treatment and recycling; 22. Smart, clean and healthy transportation systems and infrastructure;
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