Innovative development of green nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardant for enhancing fire safety of cotton fabrics

IF 6.3 2区化学 Q1 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer Degradation and Stability Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.111089

Fengfeng Feng , Wei Wang , Yuxin Peng , Huan Liu , Jie Zhang , Mei Zhang , Weijie Wang , Junzhi Ma

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study presents the synthesis and application of a novel green nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant, ammonium salt of neopentyl glycol phosphate acid (ASNGPA), for cotton fabrics to enhance their fire resistance. ASNGPA was developed utilizing neopentyl glycol, phosphoric acid, and urea as the primary raw materials, which resulted in the formation of target product containing the active group -O-P(=O) -(ONH₄⁺)₂. Subsequently, fire-retardant fabric could be achieved by grafting ASNGPA onto the fabrics through forming -O-P(=O)-O-C- bonds in dipping and high-temperature process. Structural characterization by nuclear magnetism resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), confirmed the chemical structure and elemental composition of ASNGPA and ASNGPA-treated fabrics. Thermal stability tests indicated the improved thermal behavior, delayed onset of decomposition and reduced weight loss rates of samples during heating. The comprehensive assessment of fabric's flame retardancy through vertical flame vest, limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, and cone calorimetry has significantly demonstrated the enhanced fire resistance properties. The LOI values of the samples with 10 %, 20 % and 30 % concentration are all above 40 % while ASNGPA-treated fabrics exhibited reduced heat and smoke release velocities when compared to their untreated cotton counterparts. Furthermore, ASNGPA-treated fabrics preserved their satisfactory durability even after numerous washing cycles. The eco-friendliness of ASNGPA lies in its formaldehyde-free synthesis process and the absence of harmful halogenated gases produced during combustion, despite slight modifications in its mechanical properties. The research on this new nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardants would enhance the flame retardancy of materials. By integrating the advantages of nitrogen and phosphorus, it could reduce fire risks while mitigating environmental pollution, aligning with the trend of green development.

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来源期刊

Polymer Degradation and Stability 化学-高分子科学

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

10.20%

发文量

325

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology. Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal. However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.