Dietary patterns and risk of multiple cancers: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies

IF 6.5 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.020

Jia-Li Yin , Yi-Zi Li , Ran Wang , Xin-Jian Song , Long-Gang Zhao , Dong-Dong Wang , Jia-Cheng Liu , Pei-Chen Liu , Jia-Yi Wang , Yu-Chen Shi , Fang-Hua Liu , Xing Chen , Ming-Hui Sun , Yi-Xuan Men , Jin Xu , Shuai Ma , Ying Qin , Song Gao , Yu-Hong Zhao , Xiang Gao , Qi-Jun Wu

{"title":"Dietary patterns and risk of multiple cancers: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies","authors":"Jia-Li Yin , Yi-Zi Li , Ran Wang , Xin-Jian Song , Long-Gang Zhao , Dong-Dong Wang , Jia-Cheng Liu , Pei-Chen Liu , Jia-Yi Wang , Yu-Chen Shi , Fang-Hua Liu , Xing Chen , Ming-Hui Sun , Yi-Xuan Men , Jin Xu , Shuai Ma , Ying Qin , Song Gao , Yu-Hong Zhao , Xiang Gao , Qi-Jun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.11.020","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous prospective cohort studies have investigated the influence of dietary patterns on the risks of various cancers, although the findings differed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the associations of dietary patterns with risks of various cancers and assess the strength and validity of the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases from inception to February 22, 2024. The included systematic reviews were meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies that reported an effect size to calculate the association between dietary patterns and cancer risk. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews and the certainty of evidence was assessed using credibility assessment of evidence. Outcomes of interest included any incident cancers. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023425237).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 74 meta-analyses from 30 articles were identified. Three meta-analyses (4.1%) were graded as convincing evidence and included associations between adherence to the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations (per 1-unit score increase) and lower risk of all cancers (relative risk [RR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 0.95), whereas negative associations were found comparing the highest compared with lowest categories for a prudent diet (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.93) and vegetable-fruit-soybean diet (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.92) in relation to breast cancer. After credibility assessment of evidence by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, 4 (5.4%) meta-analyses were classified as high, including adherence to the 2007 WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations and decreased risks of all cancers, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that adherence to certain healthy dietary patterns is associated with lower risk of all cancers and certain individual cancers.</div><div>This study was registered at crd.york.ac.uk, PROSPERO as CRD42023425237 and /PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=425237</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50813,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"121 2","pages":"Pages 213-223"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916524014151","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Numerous prospective cohort studies have investigated the influence of dietary patterns on the risks of various cancers, although the findings differed.

Objectives

To evaluate the associations of dietary patterns with risks of various cancers and assess the strength and validity of the evidence.

Methods

Relevant articles were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases from inception to February 22, 2024. The included systematic reviews were meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies that reported an effect size to calculate the association between dietary patterns and cancer risk. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews and the certainty of evidence was assessed using credibility assessment of evidence. Outcomes of interest included any incident cancers. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023425237).

Results

Overall, 74 meta-analyses from 30 articles were identified. Three meta-analyses (4.1%) were graded as convincing evidence and included associations between adherence to the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) dietary recommendations (per 1-unit score increase) and lower risk of all cancers (relative risk [RR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 0.95), whereas negative associations were found comparing the highest compared with lowest categories for a prudent diet (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.93) and vegetable-fruit-soybean diet (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.92) in relation to breast cancer. After credibility assessment of evidence by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, 4 (5.4%) meta-analyses were classified as high, including adherence to the 2007 WCRF/AICR dietary recommendations and decreased risks of all cancers, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that adherence to certain healthy dietary patterns is associated with lower risk of all cancers and certain individual cancers.

This study was registered at crd.york.ac.uk, PROSPERO as CRD42023425237 and /PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=425237

查看原文本刊更多论文

膳食模式与罹患多种癌症的风险：前瞻性队列研究荟萃分析综述。

背景：许多前瞻性队列研究调查了膳食模式对各种癌症风险的影响，尽管调查结果不尽相同：评估膳食模式与各种癌症风险的关联，并评估证据的强度和有效性：从 PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库中检索了从开始到 2024 年 2 月 22 日的相关文章。纳入的系统综述是对前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析，这些研究报告了影响大小，以计算膳食模式与癌症风险之间的关联。采用系统综述评估工具对纳入研究的质量进行评估，并采用证据可信度评估方法对证据的确定性进行评估。研究结果包括任何癌症的发病率。本研究已在 PROSPERO 注册（CRD42023425237）：结果：总共从 30 篇文章中找到了 74 项元分析。三项荟萃分析（4.1%）被评为令人信服的证据，包括遵守 2007 年世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所（WCRF/AICR）膳食建议（每增加 1 个单位分数）与降低所有癌症风险之间的关联（相对风险 [RR] = 0.93，95%置信区间[CI]：0.92-0.95），而谨慎饮食（RR = 0.89，95% CI：0.85-0.93）和蔬菜-水果-大豆饮食（RR = 0.87，95% CI：0.83-0.92）的最高与最低等级比较发现与乳腺癌有负相关。根据 "建议、评估、发展和评价分级 "对证据进行可信度评估后，有四项（5.4%）荟萃分析被列为高分，其中包括坚持2007年WCRF/AICR膳食建议可降低所有癌症、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌的风险：结论：这些研究结果表明，坚持某些健康的饮食模式与降低所有癌症和某些个别癌症的风险有关：crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=425237。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

12.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

332

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism. Purpose: The purpose of AJCN is to: Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition. Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits. Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition. Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles. Peer Review Process: All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.