{"title":"Structural and antimicrobial properties of synthesized gold nanoparticles using biological and chemical approaches.","authors":"Hamidreza Kalantari, Raymond J Turner","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2024.1482102","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using green and chemical methods, employing ginger extract and curcumin as reducing agents, in comparison to sodium citrate reduction. The biosynthesized AuNPs synthesized with ginger extract exhibited an average hydrodynamic diameter of 15 and 10 nm for curcumin-conjugated AuNPs, while chemically synthesized AuNPs with sodium citrate displayed an average size of 10 nm. Assessments via Zeta potential measurements revealed negative surface charges across all samples, with the curcumin-conjugated AuNPs showing -36.3 mV, ginger extract-synthesized AuNPs showing -31.7 mV, and chemically produced gold nanoparticles having a surface charge of -40.4 mV. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed spherical morphologies for the synthesized nanoparticles,and it revealed the presence of biomolecules embedded within the nanoparticles synthesized using biological materials, whereas chemically synthesized AuNPs lacked such features. The FTIR spectra of the biosynthesized AuNPs highlighted the presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds from the ginger extract and curcumin, indicating their role in coating the nanoparticles. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified gingerol as a key component in the ginger extract, contributing to nanoparticle capping. The antimicrobial efficacy of the AuNPs was evaluated against <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, and <i>S. aureus</i>, revealing superior activity for curcumin-AuNPs, with ginger-AuNPs also outperforming chemically synthesized counterparts. These findings confirm the advantages of biological approaches, using a plant extract like ginger and pure curcumin suspension, for better size distribution when used as reducing agents, along with improved antimicrobial efficacy compared to chemically produced gold nanoparticles synthesized with sodium citrate. This study also highlight the potential of green-synthesized AuNPs in biomedical applications, due to their enhanced stability from higher surface charge and the repeatability of biological methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"1482102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598438/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2024.1482102","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using green and chemical methods, employing ginger extract and curcumin as reducing agents, in comparison to sodium citrate reduction. The biosynthesized AuNPs synthesized with ginger extract exhibited an average hydrodynamic diameter of 15 and 10 nm for curcumin-conjugated AuNPs, while chemically synthesized AuNPs with sodium citrate displayed an average size of 10 nm. Assessments via Zeta potential measurements revealed negative surface charges across all samples, with the curcumin-conjugated AuNPs showing -36.3 mV, ginger extract-synthesized AuNPs showing -31.7 mV, and chemically produced gold nanoparticles having a surface charge of -40.4 mV. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed spherical morphologies for the synthesized nanoparticles,and it revealed the presence of biomolecules embedded within the nanoparticles synthesized using biological materials, whereas chemically synthesized AuNPs lacked such features. The FTIR spectra of the biosynthesized AuNPs highlighted the presence of phenolic and aromatic compounds from the ginger extract and curcumin, indicating their role in coating the nanoparticles. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified gingerol as a key component in the ginger extract, contributing to nanoparticle capping. The antimicrobial efficacy of the AuNPs was evaluated against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus, revealing superior activity for curcumin-AuNPs, with ginger-AuNPs also outperforming chemically synthesized counterparts. These findings confirm the advantages of biological approaches, using a plant extract like ginger and pure curcumin suspension, for better size distribution when used as reducing agents, along with improved antimicrobial efficacy compared to chemically produced gold nanoparticles synthesized with sodium citrate. This study also highlight the potential of green-synthesized AuNPs in biomedical applications, due to their enhanced stability from higher surface charge and the repeatability of biological methods.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide.
Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”.
All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.
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