Rapid Hydrological Responses Following Process-Based Restoration in a Degraded Sierra Nevada Meadow

IF 3.2 3区 地球科学 Q1 Environmental Science
Emma C. Sevier, Karen L. Pope, David N. Dralle, Joseph W. Wagenbrenner, Adam K. Cummings, Paul Richardson, Margaret Lang
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Abstract

Mountain meadows are ecologically important groundwater dependent ecosystems that retain and store water in upland forested landscapes. They tend to occur in low gradient, broad valleys where water slows and sediment accumulates, making them efficient locations for restoration. Over a century and a half of land use has degraded many meadows in the Sierra Nevada, reducing their hydrological and ecological functionality. Process-based restoration (PBR) is an ecosystem rehabilitation approach that utilises biogeomorphic processes to facilitate functional ecosystem recovery. Low-tech applications of PBR leverage fluvial processes, plant growth and the manipulation of onsite materials to increase structural and hydrological complexity. In meadows, typical goals associated with restoration are to increase groundwater elevations, expand wetted area, encourage sediment capture and create diffuse flow paths leading to improved ecological function over time. This study compares surface and groundwater conditions in a degraded riparian meadow in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA for 1 year before and after process-based restoration to understand initial changes in meadow hydrogeomorphic function. Restoration included the installation of 39 postless beaver dam analog structures in ~1 km of incised meadow channel. Stage-discharge data at the inlet and outlet of the project area were paired with groundwater data collected from 13 wells distributed across the meadow to estimate increased water storage of 3700 m3 due to restoration. After the wet winter of 2023, we estimated that pools upstream of structures filled to over half their volume with fine sediment. We also applied hydrodynamic modelling to evaluate fluvial changes at high flows and found that restoration increased flow complexity and wetted surface area. These short-term responses highlight the potential speed and ability of low-tech, process-based restoration in achieving restoration outcomes.

Abstract Image

内华达山脉退化草甸基于过程的恢复后的快速水文响应
高山草甸是生态上重要的依赖地下水的生态系统,可在高地森林景观中保持和储存水分。它们往往出现在坡度低、宽阔的山谷中,那里水流缓慢,沉积物堆积,是有效的恢复地点。一个半世纪以来的土地使用使内华达山脉的许多草甸退化,降低了它们的水文和生态功能。基于过程的恢复(PBR)是一种利用生物地貌过程促进生态系统功能恢复的生态系统恢复方法。PBR 的低技术应用利用了河道过程、植物生长和对现场材料的处理来增加结构和水文的复杂性。在草地上,与恢复相关的典型目标是提高地下水位、扩大湿润面积、促进沉积物捕获并创造漫流路径,从而随着时间的推移改善生态功能。本研究比较了美国加利福尼亚州内华达山脉退化河岸草甸在基于过程的恢复前后一年的地表水和地下水状况,以了解草甸水文地质功能的初步变化。修复工作包括在约 1 公里的内切草甸河道中安装 39 个无柱海狸坝模拟结构。项目区入口和出口的阶段性排水数据与分布在草甸上的 13 口水井收集的地下水数据相匹配,从而估算出因恢复而增加的蓄水量为 3700 立方米。2023 年潮湿的冬季过后,我们估计结构上游的水池被细小沉积物填满,体积超过一半。我们还应用了水动力模型来评估大流量时的河道变化,发现水流恢复增加了水流的复杂性和湿表面积。这些短期反应凸显了低技术、基于过程的修复在实现修复成果方面的潜在速度和能力。
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来源期刊
Hydrological Processes
Hydrological Processes 环境科学-水资源
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
313
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Hydrological Processes is an international journal that publishes original scientific papers advancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the environment, and the interaction of water with geological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological systems. Not all papers related to water resources are appropriate for submission to this journal; rather we seek papers that clearly articulate the role(s) of hydrological processes.
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