Nitrogen fixation by methanogenic Archaea, literature review and DNA database-based analysis; significance in face of climate change

IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY
Zubia Riyaz, Shams Tabrez Khan
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Abstract

Archaea represents a significant population of up to 10% in soil microbial communities. The role of Archaea in soil is often overlooked mainly due to its unculturability. Among the three domains of life biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is mainly a trait of Eubacteria and some Archaea. Archaea mediated processes like BNF may become even more important in the face of global Climate change. Although there are reports on nitrogen fixation by Archaea, to best of our knowledge there is no comprehensive report on BNF by Archaea under environmental stresses typical to climate change. Here we report a survey of literature and DNA database to study N2-fixation among Archaea. A total of 37 Archaea belonging to Methanogens of the phylum Euryarchaeota within the class Methanococcus, Methanomicrobia Methanobacteria, and Methanotrophic ANME2 lineages either contain genes for BNF or are known to fix atmospheric N2. Archaea were found to have their nif genes arranged as clusters of 6–8 genes in a single operon. The genes code for commonly found Mo-nitrogenase while in some archaea the genes for alternative metal nitrogenases like vnf were also found. The nifHDK gene similarity matrices show that Archaea shared the highest similarity with the nifHDK gene of anaerobic Clostridium beijerinckii. Although there are various theories about the origin of N2-fixation in Archaea, the most acceptable is the origin of N2-fixation first in bacteria and its subsequent transfer to Archaea. Since Archaea can survive under extreme environmental conditions their role in BNF should be studied especially in soil under environmental stress.

产甲烷古菌的固氮作用、文献综述和基于 DNA 数据库的分析;面对气候变化的意义
在土壤微生物群落中,古细菌是一个重要的种群,比例高达 10%。古细菌在土壤中的作用常常被忽视,这主要是由于它无法培养。在生命的三个领域中,生物固氮(BNF)主要是真细菌和一些古细菌的特性。面对全球气候变化,古细菌介导的生物固氮等过程可能会变得更加重要。虽然有关于古细菌固氮的报道,但就我们所知,还没有关于古细菌在典型的气候变化环境压力下进行固氮作用的全面报道。在此,我们对文献和 DNA 数据库进行了调查,以研究古细菌的固氮作用。在甲烷球菌(Methanococcus)、甲烷微生物甲烷杆菌(Methanomicrobia Methanobacteria)和甲烷营养型ANME2菌系中,共有37个属于古细菌门甲烷菌的古细菌含有BNF基因或已知可固定大气中的N2。研究发现,古细菌的 nif 基因在一个操作子中排列成由 6-8 个基因组成的基因簇。这些基因编码常见的莫氮酶,而在一些古细菌中还发现了 vnf 等替代金属氮酶的基因。nifHDK基因相似性矩阵显示,古细菌与厌氧梭状芽孢杆菌的nifHDK基因相似性最高。虽然关于古细菌固定 N2 的起源有多种理论,但最容易接受的是固定 N2 首先起源于细菌,然后转移到古细菌。由于古细菌可以在极端的环境条件下生存,因此应研究它们在 BNF 中的作用,尤其是在环境压力下的土壤中。
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来源期刊
Archives of Microbiology
Archives of Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
3.60%
发文量
601
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Research papers must make a significant and original contribution to microbiology and be of interest to a broad readership. The results of any experimental approach that meets these objectives are welcome, particularly biochemical, molecular genetic, physiological, and/or physical investigations into microbial cells and their interactions with their environments, including their eukaryotic hosts. Mini-reviews in areas of special topical interest and papers on medical microbiology, ecology and systematics, including description of novel taxa, are also published. Theoretical papers and those that report on the analysis or ''mining'' of data are acceptable in principle if new information, interpretations, or hypotheses emerge.
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