Influence of dust accumulation characteristics on power generation of solar PV modules

Abstract

The dust accumulation on the surfaces of photovoltaic (PV) modules greatly limits the development and promotion of solar PV power generation. In this study, extensive research is conducted on the characteristics of dust accumulation on the surface of PV modules from Wuhan and Dengkou, China, and their power generation performance. In addition, the influence of dust accumulation on PV system efficiency is investigated. The results indicate that the primary phase compositions of dust in Dengkou and Wuhan are SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaAl₂Si₂O₄·4H₂O, CaCO₃ and CaO. The PV characteristics and degree of particle agglomeration of roof PV modules in urban cities are weaker and greater, respectively, than those of desert PV modules in arid and semiarid areas. The PV system efficiency in Wuhan and Dengkou reaches a minimum value in October and August, decreasing by 40.8% and 32.8%, respectively, in comparison with those without dust accumulation. Throughout the year, the PV system efficiency in Wuhan and Dengkou is greatest in February. The power generation decreases by 74.8% and the dust accumulation coefficient increases by 61.2%, as the density of dust accumulation varies from 4.92 to 8.51 g/m². The optical performance and PV module temperature reach their maximum values in July. Dust accumulation on the surface of PV modules can reduce their optical performance by 3.2–42.2%. The PV module temperature can be increased by a maximum of 1.1% with dust accumulation in September. PV system efficiency is greater in winter than in other seasons. These findings provide significant theoretical guidance related to solar PV module cleaning methods and power generation.