Numerical analysis of ballistic performance in hybrid structures of triaxial and plain fabrics

Abstract

This study investigates the ballistic performance of hybrid fabric structures combining triaxial and plain weaves through mesoscale numerical simulations. By examining the energy absorption, stress distribution, and deformation characteristics under high-velocity impacts, the research highlights the advantages of triaxial and plain fabric hybrids. Findings reveal that triaxial fabrics, with their multidirectional yarn alignment, outperform plain fabrics in energy dissipation and stress distribution, leading to superior ballistic protection. Among the hybrid configurations, the TP structure, with triaxial fabric layered over plain weave, shows the highest performance in reducing backface deformation and maximizing energy absorption. This configuration is particularly effective in rapid projectile deceleration and efficient energy conversion into internal and frictional components, underscoring its potential for advanced soft armor applications. The study concludes that hybrid structures leveraging the structural resilience of triaxial and plain fabrics offer a promising approach to enhanced impact resistance, positioning them as strong candidates for next-generation ballistic protection solutions.