The effect of cataract surgery on lowering intraocular pressure.

Abstract

Purpose of review: To review the literature evaluating the effectiveness of cataract surgery alone and cataract surgery in combination with other procedures and surgeries on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

Recent findings: Recent studies of large trials have shown the IOP-lowering effect of cataract surgery and the beneficial effect of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). More studies are being published on when to use cataract surgery alone, with MIGS, or with traditional glaucoma surgeries for both primary open angle glaucoma and primary angle closure glaucoma.

Summary: Patients with ocular hypertension and visually significant cataracts would benefit from cataract surgery alone to lower intraocular pressure. Patients with mild to moderate glaucoma would likely benefit from cataract surgery and MIGS to achieve a lower IOP. Patients with more advanced glaucoma would benefit from cataract surgery combined with a traditional incisional glaucoma surgery. Clear lens extraction can be used in patients with primary angle closure and early primary angle closure glaucoma. In patients with more advanced disease, phacoemulsification and another glaucoma surgery is likely to be required to achieve IOP control. MIGS are starting to be used in angle closure glaucoma, although more research needs to be done to define its role.