Neutralizing Antibody-Mediated Protection from Prior Delta Variant Infection Against Omicron BA.5 Sub-Lineage Reinfection One Year Later: A Prospective Cohort Study.

IF 5.2 3区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Vaccines Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.3390/vaccines12111211

Shihan Zhang, Yin Wang, Guo Xu, Chen Dong, Hua Tian, Chuchu Li, Xiaoxiao Kong, Jiefu Peng, Haodi Huang, Aidibai Simayi, Fengcai Zhu, Jianli Hu, Ke Xu, Changjun Bao, Hui Jin, Liguo Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection provides some level of protection against reinfection. However, few studies have evaluated the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response after Delta variant infection and its ability to prevent reinfection with Omicron BA.5 one year later.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 431 patients who recovered from Delta variant infection. We measured their serum NAb titers against both Delta and Omicron BA.5 using microneutralization tests.

Results: Over a 17-month follow-up, 17.9% of the participants were reinfected with Omicron BA.5. Younger adults (18-65 years) and individuals who did not receive booster immunization had significantly higher reinfection rates than older adults (>65 years) and those who received boosters (p < 0.05). Notably, reinfection rates were higher in post-vaccination breakthrough cases than in individuals who were naturally infected. However, booster immunization reduced reinfection rates within the breakthrough group. We found no significant association between Delta NAb levels and protection against Omicron BA.5 reinfection (p > 0.05). Cross-neutralization assays showed a 7.1-fold reduction in NAb efficacy against Omicron BA.5.

Conclusions: Delta-variant infection-induced NAbs did not strongly predict protection against Omicron BA.5 reinfection. However, booster immunization effectively reduced the reinfection rate approximately one year after the initial Delta infection.

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由中和抗体介导的先前 Delta 变体感染对一年后 Omicron BA.5 亚系再感染的保护：一项前瞻性队列研究。

背景：以前感染过 SARS-CoV-2 可在一定程度上防止再次感染。然而，很少有研究对感染 Delta 变体后的中和抗体（NAb）反应及其预防一年后再次感染 Omicron BA.5 的能力进行评估：这项前瞻性队列研究包括 431 名从 Delta 变异感染中康复的患者。我们使用微中和试验测量了他们血清中针对 Delta 和 Omicron BA.5 的 NAb 滴度：结果：在 17 个月的随访中，17.9% 的参与者再次感染了 Omicron BA.5。年轻人（18-65 岁）和未接受加强免疫者的再感染率明显高于老年人（65 岁以上）和接受加强免疫者（P < 0.05）。值得注意的是，接种疫苗后突破病例的再感染率高于自然感染者。然而，加强免疫降低了突破组的再感染率。我们发现，Delta NAb水平与防止Omicron BA.5再感染之间没有明显联系（p > 0.05）。交叉中和试验显示，NAb对Omicron BA.5的效力降低了7.1倍：结论：Delta变体感染诱导的NAb并不能很好地预测对Omicron BA.5再感染的保护作用。不过，在初次感染 Delta 病毒约一年后，加强免疫可有效降低再感染率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Vaccines Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology

CiteScore

8.90

自引率

16.70%

发文量

1853

审稿时长

18.06 days

期刊介绍： Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focused on laboratory and clinical vaccine research, utilization and immunization. Vaccines publishes high quality reviews, regular research papers, communications and case reports.