Salivary Metabolomics in Patients with Long COVID-19 Infection.

IF 3.4 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Metabolites Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI:10.3390/metabo14110598

Luiz Machado, Robson Prudente, Estefânia Franco, Mariana Gatto, Gustavo Mota, Luana Pagan, Luís Brizola, Maércio Dos Santos, Thulio Cunha, Robinson Sabino-Silva, Luiz Goulart, Mario Martins, Paula Santos, Larissa Maia, André Albuquerque, Eloara Ferreira, Bruno Baldi, Marina Okoshi, Suzana Tanni

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Long COVID-19 has been characterized by the presence of symptoms lasting longer than 4 weeks after the acute infection. The pathophysiology of clinical manifestations still lacks knowledge. Objective: The objective of this paper was to evaluate metabolite abundance in the saliva of long COVID patients 60 days after hospital discharge. Methods: A convenience sample was composed of 30 post-discharge patients with long COVID and seven non-COVID-19 controls. All COVID-19 patients were evaluated by demographic characteristics, spirometry, 6 min walk test (6mWT), Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and body composition. Metabolomics was performed on saliva. Results: The long COVID-19 patients were 60.4 ± 14.3 years-old, and 66% male. Their lean body mass was 30.7 ± 7.3 kg and fat mass, 34.4 ± 13.7 kg. Spirometry evaluation showed forced vital capacity (FVC) of 3.84 ± 0.97 L with 96.0 ± 14.0% of the predicted value, and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) of 3.11 ± 0.83 L with 98.0 ± 16.0 of the predicted value. The long COVID-19 patients had reduced maximal inspiratory (90.1 ± 31.6 cmH₂O) and maximal expiratory (97.3 ± 31.0 cmH₂O) pressures. SGRQ showed domain symptoms of 32.3 ± 15.2, domain activities of 41.9 ± 25.6, and domain impact 13.7 ± 11.4, with a mean of 24.3 ± 14.9%. Physical capacity measured by distance covered in the 6mWT was 418.2 ± 130 m with a 73.3% (22.3-98.1) predictive value. The control group consisted of 44.1 ± 10.7-year-old men with a body mass index of 26.5 ± 1.66 Kg/m². Metabolomics revealed 19 differentially expressed metabolites; expression was lower in 16 metabolites, and 2 metabolites were absent in the COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Calenduloside G methyl ester (p = 0.03), Gly Pro Lys (p = 0.0001), and creatine (p = 0.0001) expressions were lower in patients than controls. Conclusions: Long COVID-19 patients present less abundance of calenduloside G methyl ester, Gly Pro Lys, and creatine in saliva than healthy controls. Lower creatine abundance may be related to reduced physical capacity and fatigue.

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COVID-19长期感染患者的唾液代谢组学研究

背景：长 COVID-19 的特点是急性感染后症状持续时间超过 4 周。临床表现的病理生理学仍缺乏知识。研究目的本文旨在评估长效 COVID 患者出院 60 天后唾液中代谢物的丰度。研究方法由 30 名出院后的长 COVID 患者和 7 名非 COVID-19 对照组组成方便样本。对所有 COVID-19 患者进行了人口统计学特征、肺活量测定、6 分钟步行测试（6mWT）、圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）和身体成分评估。对唾液进行了代谢组学分析。结果显示COVID-19 长期患者的年龄为 60.4 ± 14.3 岁，66% 为男性。他们的瘦体重为（30.7 ± 7.3）公斤，脂肪为（34.4 ± 13.7）公斤。肺活量测定结果显示，患者的肺活量（FVC）为（3.84 ± 0.97 L），预测值为（96.0 ± 14.0%）；第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）为（3.11 ± 0.83 L），预测值为（98.0 ± 16.0%）。长 COVID-19 患者的最大吸气压力（90.1 ± 31.6 cmH2O）和最大呼气压力（97.3 ± 31.0 cmH2O）均有所降低。SGRQ 显示，症状领域为 32.3 ± 15.2，活动领域为 41.9 ± 25.6，影响领域为 13.7 ± 11.4，平均为 24.3 ± 14.9%。体能以 6mWT 的距离测量为 418.2 ± 130 米，预测值为 73.3% (22.3-98.1)。对照组由 44.1 ± 10.7 岁的男性组成，体重指数为 26.5 ± 1.66 Kg/m2。代谢组学发现，与对照组相比，COVID-19 患者体内有 19 种代谢物的表达存在差异；其中 16 种代谢物的表达量较低，2 种代谢物没有表达。卡伦多苷 G 甲酯（p = 0.03）、Gly Pro Lys（p = 0.0001）和肌酸（p = 0.0001）在患者中的表达量低于对照组。结论与健康对照组相比，长COVID-19患者唾液中卡伦杜苷G甲酯、Gly Pro Lys和肌酸的含量较低。肌酸含量较低可能与体能下降和疲劳有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Metabolites Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

7.30%

发文量

1070

审稿时长

17.17 days

期刊介绍： Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal of metabolism and metabolomics. Metabolites publishes original research articles and review articles in all molecular aspects of metabolism relevant to the fields of metabolomics, metabolic biochemistry, computational and systems biology, biotechnology and medicine, with a particular focus on the biological roles of metabolites and small molecule biomarkers. Metabolites encourages scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on article length. Sufficient experimental details must be provided to enable the results to be accurately reproduced. Electronic material representing additional figures, materials and methods explanation, or supporting results and evidence can be submitted with the main manuscript as supplementary material.