Methyl Paraben Affects Porcine Oocyte Maturation Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

IF 4.8 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Biomolecules Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI:10.3390/biom14111466
Huimei Huang, Chuman Huang, Yinghua Li, Xingwei Liang, Namhyung Kim, Yongnan Xu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Parabens are widely used in various industries, which are including chemical, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and plastic processing industries. Among these, methyl paraben (MP) serves as an antimicrobial preservative in processed foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, and it is particularly detected in baby care products. Studies indicate that MP functions as an endocrine-disrupting compound with estrogenic properties, negatively affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics and antioxidant activity in testicular germ cells. However, limited information exists regarding studies on the effects of MP in oocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific mechanism and the toxic effects of MP during oocyte maturation cultured in vitro using a porcine oocyte model. The results indicated that MP (50 μM) inhibited oocyte expansion, significantly reducing the expression of expansion-related genes MAPK1 and ERK1, and decreased the first polar body extrusion significantly as well. ATP levels decreased, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels remained unchanged, and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased significantly, resulting in an elevated ROS/GSH ratio. The expression of antioxidant genes SOD1 and GPX was significantly decreased. Additionally, a significant decrease in levels of mitochondrial production and biosynthesis protein PGC1α+β, whereas levels of antioxidant-related protein Nrf2 and related gene expression were significantly increased. Autophagy protein LC3B and gene expression significantly decreased, and apoptosis assay indicated a significant increase in levels of caspase3 protein and apoptosis-related genes. These results demonstrated the negative effect of MP on oocyte maturation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that MP disrupts redox balance and induces mitochondrial dysfunction during meiosis in porcine oocytes, resulting in the inhibition of meiotic progression. The present study reveals the mechanism underlying the effects of methyl para-hydroxybenzoate on oocyte maturation.

苯甲酸甲酯通过线粒体功能障碍影响猪卵母细胞成熟
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯被广泛应用于各行各业,包括化工、制药、食品、化妆品和塑料加工行业。其中,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(MP)是加工食品、药品和化妆品中的一种抗菌防腐剂,在婴儿护理产品中的检出率尤其高。研究表明,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯是一种具有雌激素特性的内分泌干扰化合物,会对睾丸生殖细胞的线粒体生物能和抗氧化活性产生负面影响。然而,有关 MP 对卵母细胞影响的研究资料却很有限。本研究的目的是利用猪卵母细胞模型,研究 MP 在体外培养的卵母细胞成熟过程中的具体机制和毒性作用。结果表明,MP(50 μM)可抑制卵母细胞的扩增,显著降低扩增相关基因 MAPK1 和 ERK1 的表达,并显著减少第一极体的挤出。ATP 水平下降,活性氧(ROS)水平保持不变,谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著下降,导致 ROS/GSH 比率升高。抗氧化基因 SOD1 和 GPX 的表达明显下降。此外,线粒体生成和生物合成蛋白 PGC1α+β 的水平明显下降,而抗氧化相关蛋白 Nrf2 的水平和相关基因的表达则明显增加。自噬蛋白 LC3B 和基因表达明显降低,细胞凋亡检测表明 caspase3 蛋白和细胞凋亡相关基因水平明显升高。这些结果表明了 MP 对卵母细胞成熟的负面影响。总之,我们的研究结果表明,MP 会破坏猪卵母细胞减数分裂过程中的氧化还原平衡并诱导线粒体功能障碍,从而抑制减数分裂的进行。本研究揭示了对羟基苯甲酸甲酯对卵母细胞成熟的影响机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biomolecules
Biomolecules Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
3.60%
发文量
1640
审稿时长
18.28 days
期刊介绍: Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focusing on biogenic substances and their biological functions, structures, interactions with other molecules, and their microenvironment as well as biological systems. Biomolecules publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications.  Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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